Table 2.
Characteristics of the participants across tertiles of DASH, Mediterranean diet and Healthy Eating Score
| Characteristic | MED score |
HEI score |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1: 11–23 (n = 389) | T2: 24–26 (n = 278) | T3: 27–34 (n = 260) | p value | T1: 17–38 (n = 333) | T2: 39–46 (n = 293) | T3: 47–87 (n = 301) | p value | |
| Age (year) | 38.34 ± 11.94 | 40.19 ± 11.91 | 43.52 ± 12.05 | <0.0001* | 38.73 ± 11.50 | 40.21 ± 12.16 | 42.26 ± 12.56 | 0.001* |
| Men (%) | 47.3 | 43.2 | 44.2 | 0.53 | 49.5 | 44.7 | 40.9 | 0.08 |
| Current smoker (%) | 10.8 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 0.1 | 14.4 | 12.1 | 7.9 | 0.055 |
| Weight (kg) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 71.10 ± 13.39 | 71.59 ± 13.34 | 70.92 ± 11.56 | 0.81 | 70.88 ± 12.46 | 71.42 ± 12.78 | 71.32 ± 13.47 | 0.85 |
| After 3 years | 72.89 ± 13.07 | 73.20 ± 13.21 | 72.80 ± 12.17 | 0.92 | 72.98 ± 12.51 | 72.92 ± 12.59 | 72.97 ± 13.53 | 0.99 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 87.78 ± 12.65 | 88.33 ± 13.04 | 88.72 ± 10.63 | 0.62 | 87.87 ± 11.79 | 88.07 ± 12.92 | 88.72 ± 12.05 | 0.66 |
| After 3 years | 91.93 ± 11.22 | 92.80 ± 11.04 | 93.28 ± 10.61 | 0.29 | 92.13 ± 10.59 | 92.35 ± 11.37 | 92.27 ± 11.08 | 0.4 |
| Serum insulin (µIU/ml) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 7.48 ± 3.06 | 7.65 ± 2.93 | 7.63 ± 3.04 | 0.74 | 7.61 ± 3.07 | 7.56 ± 2.94 | 7.55 ± 3.12 | 0.96 |
| After 3 years | 8.57 ± 4.12 | 8.73 ± 4.39 | 8.59 ± 4.14 | 0.89 | 8.60 ± 4.17 | 8.86 ± 3.89 | 8.43 ± 4.52 | 0.45 |
| HOMA IR | ||||||||
| Baseline | 1.59 ± 0.67 | 1.65 ± 0.66 | 1.65 ± 0.68 | 0.49 | 1.62 ± 0.66 | 1.61 ± 0.65 | 1.65 ± 0.71 | 0.74 |
| After 3 years | 2.01 ± 1.10 | 2.10 ± 1.41 | 2.09 ± 1.12 | 0.55 | 2.01 ± 1.05 | 2.12 ± 1.16 | 2.06 ± 1.40 | 0.54 |
HEI, healthy eating index; MED, Mediterranean diet; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis Model of Assessment Insulin Resistance. *Significant difference (p<0.05) using χ2 for categorical independent variables and one way ANOVA for continuous independent variables. Means ± SD.