LPS dose titration studies. IP administration of 50 μg/kg LPS yielded undetectable plasma endotoxin (A) and no changes in granulocyte count (B), core temperature (C), or weight (D), while effects were seen with 4 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg. (D) Elevated IL-6 was seen in all mice after 6 hours and remained elevated at 24 hours in mice receiving 20 mg/kg LPS. Values represent means ± SD (n = 3). 1-way ANOVA: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.