Table 1. Basic characteristic by sex and anemia-ferritin status (including various diseases), total dataset.

Data represented as mean±standard deviation or number (%). P-value by analysis of variance (continuous variables) or χ² test (categorical variables).

Multiple comparison: ^a)>^b)>^c), ^a)=^d), ^d)=^b). ^e)Anemia: male<13 mg/dL, female<12 mg/dL. ^f)Low serum ferritin: serum ferritin<15 ng/mL. ^g)Defined as consuming more than 7/5 (men/women) standard alcoholic drinks at one time more than twice a week. ^h)P<0.05. ⁱ⁾P<0.01.

BMI, body mass index; BMD, bone mineral density; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.