Table 1.

Randomized trials of chemoradiotherapy with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Author	Year	Group	Radiotherapy	Chemotherapy regimen	NAC regimen	No. of patients	Overall survival		Progression-free survival		Ref.
							Control vs experimental	HR (95% CI); p value	Control vs experimental	HR (95% CI); p value
Hui et al.	2009	CCRT NAC + CCRT	2 Gy/F × 5F/week total dose: 66 Gy	Cisplatin 40 mg/m2 × 8	Docetaxel 75 mg/m2, cisplatin 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks × 2	65	3-Year OS 67.7 vs 94.1%	0.24 (0.078–0.73); p = 0.012	3-Year PFS 59.5 vs 88.2%	0.49 (0.20–1.19); p = 0.12	[100]
Fountzilas et al.	2012	CCRT NAC + CCRT	Total dose: 66–70 Gy	Cisplatin 40 mg/m2 × 7	Cisplatin 75 mg/m2, epirubicin 75 mg/m2, paclitacel 175 mg/m2 every 3 weeks × 3	141	3-Year OS 71.8 vs 66.6%	0.95 (0.48–1.89); p = 0.888	3-Year PFS. 63.5 vs 64.5%	1.40 (0.71–2.77); p = 0.334	[104]
Tan et al.	2015	CCRT NAC + CCRT	Total dose: 70 Gy	Cisplatin 40 mg/m2 × 8	Gemcitabine 2000 mg/m2, carboplatin AUC 5 m2, paclitaxel 140 mg/m2 every 3 weeks × 3	172	3-Year OS 92.3 vs 94.3%	1.05 (0–2.19); p = 0.494	3-Year DFS 67.4 vs 74.9%	0.77 (0.44–1.35); p = 0.362	[105]
Sun et al.	2016	CCRT NAC + CCRT	Total dose:66 Gy	Cisplatin 100 mg/m2 × 3	Docetaxel 60 mg/m2, cisplatin 60 mg/m2, fluorouracil 1200 mg/m2 every 3 weeks × 3	480	3-Year OS 86 vs 92%	0.59 (0.36–0.95); p = 0.029	3-Year FFS 72 vs 80%	0.68 (0.48–0.97); p = 0.034	[98]
Ma et al.	2001	RT NAC + RT	2Gy/F × 5F/week total dose 72 Gy	–	Cisplatin 100 mg/m2, bleomycin 20 mg/m2, 5-FU 4000 mg/m2 every 3 weeks × 2 to 3	64	5-Year OS 56 vs 63%	Not tested; p = 0.11	5-Year RFS 49% vs 59%	Not tested; p = 0.05	[97]

Abbreviations used: CCRT concurrent chemoradiotherapy, RT radiotherapy, NAC neoadjuvant chemotherapy, OS overall survival, PFS progression-free survival, DFS disease-free survival, FFS failure-free survival, RFS relapse-free survival, Ref. references