Table 1.

Overall effect sizes and Egger’s bias coefficients

Marker	Number of studies included	Effect size		Heterogeneity		Publication bias
		Odd’s ratio	95% CI	I 2 (%)	p-value	Egger’s bias coefficient	p-value
PSD
Laterality	60a	1.07	0.93–1.23	49.6	< .001	0.14	.743
Type	14b	0.94	0.65–1.36	33.3	.102	−0.06	.943
Frontal lesions	30c	1.54	1.27–1.88	43.4	.004	0.92	.132
Subcortical lesions	10d	1.06	0.81–1.38	0.0	.601	1.00	.186
Basal ganglia lesions	12e	1.78	1.20–2.66	65.3	.001	0.24	.884
PSA
Laterality	9	1.16	0.62–2.18	63.5	.005	1.69	.262
Type	4	0.82	0.19–3.53	75.2	.007	−3.92	.273
Frontal lesions	5	0.84	0.44–1.59	0.0	.635	2.71	.055
Subcortical lesions	2	1.03	0.38–2.80	0.0	.686	Not enough data
Basal ganglia lesions	4	1.32	0.79–2.21	0.0	.891	−0.42	.536

CI confidence interval, PSA post-stroke apathy, PSD post-stroke depression

^aSix of the 60 studies provided data on more than one time point

^bOne of the 14 studies provided data on more than one time point

^cFive of the 30 studies provided data on more than one time point

^dTwo of the 10 studies provided data on more than one time point

^eOne of the 12 studies provided data on more than one time point