Table 2.
Lesion locations significantly associated with post-stroke depression and post-stroke apathy
| Lesion location | Studies | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Acute phase | Post-acute phase | Chronic phase | |
| PSD | |||
| Anterior | Astrom et al. (1993); Herrmann et al. (1993); Shimoda and Robinson (1999) | Dam et al. (1989); House et al. (1990); Kim and Choi-Kwon (2000); Morris et al. (1992); Shimoda and Robinson (1999) | House et al. (1990) |
| Frontal lobe | Metoki et al. (2016); Robinson et al. (1984); Shi et al. (2014) | Aben et al. (2006); Effat et al. (2011); Hama et al. (2007b); Morris et al. (1996b); Murakami et al. (2013); Singh et al. (2000); Stojanovic and Stojanovic (2015); Tang et al. (2010); Wichowicz et al. (2015); Zhang et al. (2012) | – |
| Temporal lobe | Metoki et al. (2016); Terroni et al. (2015) | Zhang et al. (2012) | – |
| Posterior (occipital, parietal lobe) | Metoki et al. (2016); Paradiso and Robinson (1999); Starkstein et al. (1989) | Schwartz et al. (1993) | Shimoda and Robinson (1999) |
| Subcortical | Shi et al. (2014) | Schwartz et al. (1993); Tang et al. (2005); Zhang et al. (2012) | Chatterjee et al. (2010) |
| Basal ganglia | Herrmann et al. (1993); Yang et al. (2015b); Metoki et al. (2016) | Herrmann et al. (1995); Morris et al. (1996b); Nishiyama et al. (2010); Murakami et al. (2013); Wichowicz et al. (2015) | – |
| Insular cortex | Yang et al. (2015b) | – | – |
| Brainstem | – | Murakami et al. (2013) | – |
| Left hemisphere | Robinson et al. (1984); Robinson et al. (1985); Astrom et al. (1993); Morris et al. (1996a); Paradiso and Robinson (1999); Shimoda and Robinson (1999); Saxena and Suman (2015); Wongwandee et al. (2012) | Barker-Collo (2007); Jiang et al. (2014); Morris et al. (1996b); Rajashekaran et al. (2013); Wichowicz et al. (2015) | Parikh et al. (1988); Provinciali et al. (2008); Rashid et al. (2013); Stern and Bachman (1991) |
| Right hemisphere | Yang et al. (2015b) | Andersen et al. (1995); Castellanos-Pinedo et al. (2011); Dam et al. (1989); MacHale et al. (1998); Oladiji et al. (2009); Schwartz et al. (1993); Singh et al. (2000) | Stern and Bachman (1991); Verdelho et al. (2004) |
| Infratentorial | – | Iranmanesh and Vakilian (2009) | – |
| ACA | – | Desmond et al. (2003); Jiang et al. (2014); Tang et al. (2005) | Provinciali et al. (2008) |
| PCA | – | Desmond et al. (2003) | – |
| PSA | |||
| Basal ganglia | Onoda et al. (2011) | Hama et al. (2007b); Mihalov et al. (2016); Murakami et al. (2013); Santa et al. (2008) | Rochat et al. (2013) |
| Thalamus | – | – | Rochat et al. (2013) |
| Pons / brainstem | – | Murakami et al. (2013); Tang et al. (2013a) | – |
| Right hemisphere | – | Castellanos-Pinedo et al. (2011) | – |
| Left hemisphere | Kang and Kim (2008) | – | – |
| Frontal lobe | Kang and Kim (2008) | – | – |
| CC / CG | Kang and Kim (2008) | – | – |
| IC (posterior limb) | Starkstein et al. (1993) | – | – |
ACA anterior circulation area, CC corpus callosum, CG cingulate gyrus, IC internal capsule, PCA posterior circulation area, PSA post-stroke apathy, PSD post-stroke depression