Table 3.
Generalized estimating equations with binomial distribution (log link) and an unstructured working correlation on subsequent violence (n = 592) adjusted for possible confounders.
| ORa (95% CI) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|
| Cannabisb | ||
| Use at 1 time-point | 1.32 (0.94–1.86) | 0.112 |
| Use at 2 time-points | 1.71 (1.08–2.70) | 0.023 |
| Use at 3 time-points | 2.08 (1.16–3.74) | 0.025 |
| Use at 4 time-points | 2.44 (1.06–5.63) | 0.036 |
| Cocaineb | ||
| Use at 1 time-point | 1.04 (0.71–1.53) | 0.842 |
| Use at 2 time-points | 0.68 (0.41–1.14) | 0.154 |
| Use at 3 time-points | 1.16 (0.59–2.28) | 0.674 |
| Use at 4 time-points | 0.59 (0.21–1.63) | 0.304 |
| Alcoholb | ||
| Use at 1 time-point | 1.13 (0.84–1.52) | 0.420 |
| Use at 2 time-points | 1.09 (0.74–1.61) | 0.656 |
| Use at 3 time-points | 1.36 (0.84–2.21) | 0.209 |
| Use at 4 time-points | 2.32 (1.25–4.28) | 0.007 |
aAdjusting for the effects of time, other substances used at each time-point, age, age at first hospitalization, sex, ethnicity, schizophrenia spectrum disorders (presence/absence), affective disorders (presence/absence), psychopathic traits (PCL), impulsivity (BIS-11).
bOrdinal variable (reference is no use of the substance across time-points).