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. 2017 Sep 12;2017:4927964. doi: 10.1155/2017/4927964

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Copyright © 2017 Rong Li et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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The imbalance of type 1 cytokine/type 2 cytokine expression was found in H. pylori-associated gastric diseases. The ratio of plasma IFN-γ/IL-4 (a), IFN-γ/IL-5 (b), IFN-γ/IL-13 (c) decreased along with the progression of gastric cancer, including chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and gastric cancer (GC). Moreover, H. pylori infection exacerbated this trend. IFN-γ (d) mRNA decreased, but IL-4 (e), IL-5 (f), and IL-13 (g) mRNA expression increased in PBMCs derived from the H. pylori-infected individuals along the gastric cancer progression, when compared to those without H. pylori infection. ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, and ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.