Table 2.
Demographic and endoscopic characteristics of patients with non-achalasia primary motility disorders and dysmotility-negative gastroesophageal reflux disease.
| Nutcracker esophagus, n=22, (%) |
Ineffective motility, n=33 (%) |
Diffuse spasm, n=14, (%) |
All PEMD, n=69, (%) |
DN-GERD, n=70, (%) |
P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 54 ± 11 | 56 ± 14 | 62 ± 11 | 56 ± 12 | 56 ± 10 | 1.0 |
| M:F ratio | 1 : 1 | 1 : 1.5 | 1 : 1.3 | 1 : 1.3 | 1 : 1.7 | .49 |
| Main symptom | ||||||
| Dysphagia | 10 (45) | 14 (42) | 11 (79) | 35 (51) | 8 (11) | < .0001 |
| Reflux/heartburn | 7 (32) | 15 (45) | 2 (14) | 24 (35) | 39 (56) | .017 |
| Chest/epigastric pain | 4 (18) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 5 (7) | 8 (11) | .57 |
| Other (regurgitation/nausea/cough) | 1 (5) | 3 (10) | 1 (7) | 5 (7) | 15 (22) | .028 |
| Endoscopyb | ||||||
| Normal esophagus | 9 (41) | 13 (39) | 9 (64) | 31 (45) | 15(21) | .004 |
| Rings and/or furrows | 5 (26) | 2 (6) | 1 (7) | 8 (12) | 3 (4) | .13 |
| Esophagitis | 4 (18) | 5 (15) | 1 (7) | 11 (16) | 16 (23) | .40 |
| Hiatal hernia and/or Schatzki ring | 1 (5) | 6 (18) | 1 (7) | 8 (12) | 9 (13) | 1.0 |
| Irregular Z-line and/or possible BE | 7 (32) | 10 (30) | 1 (7) | 18 (26) | 32 (46) | .021 |
| Ulcer or stricture | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 (8) | .028 |
a
, all PEMD versus DN-GERD
b
, multiple abnormalities may be seen in one patient
Abbreviations: BE, Barrett esophagus; DN-GERD, dysmotility-negative gastroesophageal reflux disease; PEMD, non-achalasia primary motility disorders.