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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 3.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2017 Apr 18;77:216–221. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.018

Fig 3. Examination of Depression-like Behavior.

Fig 3

Total immobility time in the forced swim test (FST) was used to examine depression-like behavior. Group designations: rats not subjected to social defeat (CON: control); rats subjected to treadmill exercise (EX: exercise); rats subjected to social defeat (SD: social defeat); rats subjected to witness of social defeat (TW: trauma witness); rats subjected to treadmill exercise prior to application of trauma witness procedure (EX-TW: exercise-trauma witness). (*) indicates significantly different from CON, P<0.05; (#) indicates significantly different from TW, P<0.05. Bars represent means ± SEM, n =10–14 rats/group.