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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 3.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2017 Apr 18;77:216–221. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.018

Fig 4. Examination of Memory Function.

Fig 4

Number of errors made in the short-term memory (STM) test (A) and long-term memory (LTM) test (B) examined learning and memory function using radial arm water maze (RAWM) test. Group designations: rats not subjected to social defeat (CON: control); rats subjected to treadmill exercise (EX: exercise); rats subjected to social defeat (SD: social defeat); rats subjected to witness of social defeat (TW: trauma witness); rats subjected to treadmill exercise prior to application of trauma witness procedure (EX-TW: exercise-trauma witness). (*) indicates significantly different from CON, P<0.05; (#) indicates significantly different from TW, P<0.05. Bars represent means ± SEM, n =10–14 rats/group.