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. 2017 Sep 26;12(9):e0184474. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184474

Table 2. Unit root test results.

ADF test statistics PP test statistics
variables level 1st Differences levels 1st Differences
lnM -2.0620 -5.9160*** -3.9435*** -6.1087***
lnF -3.0691** -6.7728*** -3.9720*** -6.8467***
lnA -1.1478 -5.5781*** -1.1211 -5.5937***
lnY -2.1996 -8.6963*** -2.7935* -8.8649***
lnP -7.8215*** -8.0887*** -7.9233*** -30.1145***
lnT -3.6148*** -7.3879*** -3.6148*** -19.9617***

***Significance at 1% level;

** Significance at 5% level;

* Significance at 10% level