Table 4.
TBI n=1,227 |
No TBI n=2,337 |
P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Male gender | 81% | 80% | 0.62 |
Age (years), mean ± SD | 68 ± 7 | 67 ± 7 | 0.001 |
Race | <0.001 | ||
White | 56% | 50% | |
Black or African American | 23% | 34% | |
Other race | 21% | 16% | |
Drug and/or alcohol use | 31% | 29% | 0.07 |
Any alcohol use | 22% | 21% | 0.24 |
Any drug use | 14% | 13% | 0.50 |
Functionally dependent health status | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.85 |
≥3 concomitant medical conditions | 11% | 11% | 0.47 |
Injury severity score (ISS), median (IQR) |
14 (9 – 20) | 6 (4 – 13) | <0.001 |
Severe trauma (ISS≥16) | 53% | 24% | <0.001 |
In-hospital mortality | 8% | 8% | 0.82 |
Hospital length of stay (days), median (IQR) |
4 (2 – 9) | 3 (1 – 7) | <0.001 |
ICU stay | 56% | 30% | <0.001 |
ICU length of stay (days), median (IQR) | 3 (2 – 7) | 3 (2 – 8) | 0.007 |
Number of injuries, median (IQR) | 4 (2 – 6) | 3 (2 – 4) | <0.001 |
Surgeries performed | |||
Laparotomy | 1% | 9% | <0.001 |
Thoracotomy | 0.3% | 2% | <0.001 |
Craniotomy | 1% | 0.1% | <0.001 |
Type of injury | <0.001 | ||
Blunt | 74% | 40% | |
Burn | 0% | 0.5% | |
Penetrating | 6% | 47% | |
Other/unspecified | 20% | 13% | |
Body region(s) injured | <0.001 | ||
Head | 48% | 12% | |
Face | 33% | 28% | |
Neck | 1% | 3% | |
Thorax | 4% | 16% | |
Abdomen | 1% | 12% | |
Spine | 2% | 3% | |
Upper extremity | 7% | 13% | |
Lower extremity | 3% | 9% | |
Unspecified | 2% | 3% | |
≥3 body regions injured | 72% | 53% | <0.001 |
Trauma-associated diagnosis(es) | <0.001 | ||
Fractures | 33% | 40% | |
Internal organ | 44% | 18% | |
Open wounds | 21% | 33% |
TBI denotes traumatic brain injury; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; ICU, intensive care unit.