Table 4.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Older Adult Assault Victims (aged ≥60) Suffering Traumatic Brain Injury Treated at U.S. Trauma Centers from 2008–2012

	TBI n=1,227	No TBI n=2,337	P value
Male gender	81%	80%	0.62
Age (years), mean ± SD	68 ± 7	67 ± 7	0.001
Race			<0.001
White	56%	50%
Black or African American	23%	34%
Other race	21%	16%
Drug and/or alcohol use	31%	29%	0.07
Any alcohol use	22%	21%	0.24
Any drug use	14%	13%	0.50
Functionally dependent health status	0.3%	0.3%	0.85
≥3 concomitant medical conditions	11%	11%	0.47
Injury severity score (ISS), median (IQR)	14 (9 – 20)	6 (4 – 13)	<0.001
Severe trauma (ISS≥16)	53%	24%	<0.001
In-hospital mortality	8%	8%	0.82
Hospital length of stay (days), median (IQR)	4 (2 – 9)	3 (1 – 7)	<0.001
ICU stay	56%	30%	<0.001
ICU length of stay (days), median (IQR)	3 (2 – 7)	3 (2 – 8)	0.007
Number of injuries, median (IQR)	4 (2 – 6)	3 (2 – 4)	<0.001
Surgeries performed
Laparotomy	1%	9%	<0.001
Thoracotomy	0.3%	2%	<0.001
Craniotomy	1%	0.1%	<0.001
Type of injury			<0.001
Blunt	74%	40%
Burn	0%	0.5%
Penetrating	6%	47%
Other/unspecified	20%	13%
Body region(s) injured			<0.001
Head	48%	12%
Face	33%	28%
Neck	1%	3%
Thorax	4%	16%
Abdomen	1%	12%
Spine	2%	3%
Upper extremity	7%	13%
Lower extremity	3%	9%
Unspecified	2%	3%
≥3 body regions injured	72%	53%	<0.001
Trauma-associated diagnosis(es)			<0.001
Fractures	33%	40%
Internal organ	44%	18%
Open wounds	21%	33%

TBI denotes traumatic brain injury; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; ICU, intensive care unit.