Table 1. Summary of Findings Made from Cellular Replication Studies of Oxidative Stress-Induced DNA Lesions.

DNA lesions	assay system	bypass efficiency	mutation type (frequency)	refererces
8-oxo-dG	M13 phage in E. coli	50–90%	G → T (∼0.5–l%)	179
	M13 phage in E. coli		G →T (0.72%)	178
8-oxo-dA	double-stranded vector in NIH 3T3 cells		A → G + A → C (∼1% in total)	180
Fapy-dG	single-stranded vector in COS-7 simian kidney cells		G → T (∼8–30%)	181
			G → C (∼2%)
Fapy-dA	single-stranded vector in COS-7 cells		A → C (∼0.4%)	181
dGh	single-stranded phage in wild-type AB1157 E. coli cells	∼75 ± 5%	G → C (98%)	191
			G → T (2%)
	single-stranded M13 phage in AB1157 E. coli cells (with MufY+ or Mut Y−)	∼20% (MutY+) ∼30% (MutY−)	for MutY+ E. coli	192
			G → C (∼57%)
			G → T (∼40%)
			G → A (∼3%)
			no significant changes in mutation type or frequency were found in MutY− E. coli compared to MutY+ E. coli
dSp	single-stranded M13 phage in wild-type AB1157 E. coli cells	stereoisomer 1: ∼9 ± 3%	stereoisomer 1:	191
			G → C (72%)
			G → T (27%)
		stereoisomer 2: ∼9 ± 4%	stereoisomer 2:
			G → C (57%)
			G → T (41%)
	single-stranded M13 phage in AB1157 E. coli cells (with MutY+ or MutY−)	MutY+ strain: <20% for both stereoisomers; MutY− strain: ∼30% for both stereoisomers	stereoisomer 1 (for MutY+ E. coli): G → C (∼19%)	192
			G → T (∼78%)
			G → A (∼1%)
			stereoisomer 2 (for MutY+ E. coli):
			G → C (∼48%)
			G → T (∼49%)
			G → A (∼3%)
			no significant changes in mutation type or frequency were found in MutY− E. coli compared to MutY+ E. coli
thymidine glycol	single-stranded M13 phage in E. coli	lethal	not detectable	202
5-hmdU	ϕX-174am3 phage in E. coli spheroplasts		not detectable	214
5-fdU	double-stranded vectors in COS-7 simian kidney cells	not blocking	T → G + T → A (0.01–0.04% in total)	226
5-hmdC	single-stranded M13 phage in E. coli cells	∼90–110%	C → G + C → T + C → A (0.17–1.12% in total)	240
	double-stranded vector in HEK-293T human kidney epithelial cells	∼100%	not detectable	242
5-fdC	single-stranded M13 phage in E. coli cells	∼90–110%	C → G + C → T + C → A (0.17–1.12% in total)	240
	double-stranded vector in COS-7 cells	39–90%	C → G + C → T + C → A (0.03–0.28% in total)	241
	double-stranded vector in HEK-293T cells	∼70%	not detectable	242
5-cadC	single-stranded M13 phage in E. coli cells	∼ 90–110%	C → G + C → T + C→A (0.17–1.12% in total)	240
	double-stranded vector in HEK-293T cells	∼70%	not detectable	242
S-cdA	single-stranded M13 phage in E. coli	∼10–31%	A → T (∼11%)	253
	double-stranded vector in Pol η-deficient XP30RO cells and Pol η -complemented XP30RO cells	Pol η -deficient XP30RO cells: ∼3%; Pol η -complemented XP30RO cells: ∼5%	Pol η-deficient XP30RO cells: A →T (∼S%) Pol η-complemented XP30RO cells: A → T (∼9%)	254
S-cdG	single-stranded plasmid in E. coli	<1% without SOS induction; <5.5% with SOS induction	G→A+G→T + deletion of 5′C (∼34% in total)	252
	single-stranded M13 phage in E. coli	∼4–11%	G→A (∼40% without SOS, ∼20% with SOS)	253
	double-stranded vector in Pol η -deficient XP30RO cells and Pol η -complemented XP30RO cells	Pol η -deficient XP30RO cells: ∼2%; Pol η -complemented XP30RO cells: ∼4%	Pol η-deficient XP30RO cells: G→A (∼3%)	254
			G →T (∼27%);
			Pol η-complemented XP30RO cells: G→A (∼11%)
			G →T (∼32%)
d(G[8-S]C)	single-stranded M13 phage in wild-type AB11S7 E. coli	20%	G →T (8.7%)	107
			G→C (1.2%)
d(G[8-Sm]T)	single stranded pMS2 vector in E. coli (wild type and polymerase-deficient cells)	without SOS induction: 1.2–25%; with SOS induction: 3.1–35%	G→T (2.5% without SOS, 6.2% with SOS in wild-type cells)	258
5-Cl-dC	single-stranded M13 phage in E. coli	82–102%	C → T (∼5%)	264
dNIm	single stranded M13mp7L2 bacteriophage genome in AB1157 E. coli	without SOS induction: 7%; with SOS induction: 57%	G → C (8.9%)	272
			G → A (19%)
			G → T (22%)
εdA	single-stranded pMS2 vector in E. coli and COS-7 cells		in E. coli: very limited mutations; in COS-7 cells:	275
			A → G (63%)
			A → T (6%)
			A → C (1%)
	single-stranded pMS2 vector and double-stranded pSBK vector in HeLa and HCT116 cells		ssDNA in HeLa cells:	277
			A → G (2%)
			A → T (8%)
			A → C (1%)
			dsDNA in HeLa cells (leading strand):
			A → G (2%)
			A → T (7%)
			A → C (5%)
			dsDNA in HCT116 cells (leading strand):
			A → G (5%)
			A → C (2%)
			dsDNA in HeLa cells (lagging strand):
			A → G (5%)
			A → T (4%)
			A → C (1%)
	double-stranded M13mp2SVoriL vectors in E. coli		A → C (1.6 X (10−4)	276
			A → G (2.9 X (10−4)
			A → T (2.0 X 10−4)
εdC	single-stranded pMS2 vector in E. coli or COS-7 cells		uninduced E. coli cells: C → A + C → T (2% in total)	278
			SOS-induced cells: C → A + C → T (32% in total)
			COS-7 cells: C → A + C → T (81% in total)
l,N2-εdG	single-stranded M13MB19 phage in uvrA− E. coli		G → A (2.05%)	279
			G → T (0.74%)
			G → C (0.09%)
N2,3-εdG	single-stranded M13G*1 phage in E. coli		G → A (0.5%)	280
M1G	doubled stranded M13MB102 phage in wild-type LM102 cells E. coli cells	20% for the (–)-strand	G → A (0.35%)	284
			G → T (0.4%)
			G → C (0.12%)
	single-stranded pS189 vector and double-stranded M13MB102-1 vector in E. coli and COS-7 cells		−1 or −2 frameshift in E. coli and COS-7 with reiterated (CpG)4 sequence (≤1% in total) G→A+G → T + G → C (≤2% in total)	286