Fig. 4.

Effects on signal molecules by quercetin and ligands of GPR30. A. Preosteoclasts, which are osteoclast precursor cells, were treated for 2 days with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF; 20 ng/ml) and soluble receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (sRANKL; 10 ng/ml), starved in serum-free medium for 3 h, and stimulated by M-CSF (20 ng/ml) and sRANKL 10ng/ml) with or without quercetin (10 μM) for the indicated time period. After stimulation, the cells were extracted, and equal amounts of the cell lysates were subjected to western blot analysis. B. Preosteoclasts treated as described in A were stimulated with quercetin (10 μM) and G-1 (10 μM) or quercetin (10 μM) and G-15 (10 μM) for 15 min. The cells were extracted and equal amounts of the cell lysates were subsequently subjected to western blot analysis.