Fig. 7.

Schematic diagrams of the pathway models involved in the early and late phases of ERK and AKT activation by orbital shaking. Arrows indicate some of the known pathways associated with ERK and AKT activation by FSS. Thick arrows indicate the pathways that are likely involved in the activation of ERK and AKT by orbital shaking in this report. Dotted arrows indicate the pathways that are unlikely to contribute to the ERK and AKT activation by orbital shaking.