Table 1.
Leaf mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles.
| S. No | Scientific name | Family | Common name | Characterization | Size (nm) | Shape | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Bacopa monnieri (BLE) | Scrophulariaceae | Valaarai | UV–vis spectro- photometer, TEM, FTIR, TGA, XRD | 3–45 | Spherical | [16] |
| 2. | Terminalia catappa | Combretaceae | Country-almond | UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR,TEM | 10–35 | Spherical | [10] |
| 3. | Dracocephalum kotschyi | Lamiaceae | – | TEM-SEAD, SEM-EDAX, XRD, Zeta potential, DLS, and FT-IR | 11 | Spherical | [20] |
| 4. | Olea europaea | Oleaceae | Sweet oil | UV–Vis spec, photoluminescence, TEM, XRD, FTIR | 50 to 100 | Triangular, hexagonal and spherical | [17] |
| 5. | Mangifera indica | Anacardiaceae | Mango | UV–vis, TEM, XRD. | ∼ 20 | Spherical | [21] |
| 6. | Cacumen Platycladi | Cupressaceae | Biota | AGE, TEM, DGC | 2–70 | Spherical and triangular | [22] |
| 7. | Abutilon indicum | Malvaceae | Thuthi | UV-visible Spectroscopy, TEM, GC-MS and FTIR, ZETA | 1–20 | Spherical | [23] |
| 8. | Butea monosperma | Fabaceae | Parasu | UV visible spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, DLS, FTIR | 20–80 | Large spherical | [24] |
| 9. | Suaeda monoica | Amaranthaceae | Seepweeds | SEM, EDAX, TEM, XRD, FT-IR, DLS | 14.5 | Spherical and rarely triangular | [25] |
| 10. | Ipomoea carnea | Convolvulaceae | Pink morning glory | UV–Vis spectra, SEM, TEM, EDAX, XRD, FT-IR, | 25–100 | Triangular, hexagonal, pentagonal, rod and truncated | [27] |
| 11. | Geranium sp., | Geraniaceae | Cranesbills | UV–Visible, TEM, STEM, HAADF, EDS, FTIR | 12 ± 3 | – | [28] |
| 12. | Phoenix dactylifera | Arecaceae | Date palm | UV–vis spectra, TEM FTIR | 32 and 45 | Spherical | [29] |
| 13. | Sesbania grandiflora | Fabaceae | Agati | SPR, TEM, AFM, SEM, EDX. FTIR | 34.11 | Spherical | [30] |
| 14. | Salix alba | Salicaceae | Willow | UV–Vis spectrophotometer, AFM, SEM, FTIR | 50–80 | Non-spherical | [31] |
| 15. | Magnolia kobus and Diopyros kaki | Magnoliaceaeand Ebenaceae | Kobus Magnolia and Ebony | ICP, EDS, SEM, TEM, AFM, XPS, FTIR | 5–300 | Spherical structures | [32] |
| 16. | Cacumen Platycladi | Cupressaceae | Chinese arborvitae | UV–Vis spectroscopy, TEM, EDX, SAED, FTIR, | 2.2 to 42.8 | Spherical | [15] |
| 17. | Cinnamomum zeylanicum | Cinnamomum verum | Cinnamon | UV–vis, TEM, XRD, FTIR, | 25 | Spherical | [33] |
| 18. | Coriander | Apiaceae | Coriander | UV-vis, XRD,EDAX, FTIR, TEM. | 6.75 to 57.91 | Spherical,Triangle, truncated triangles and decahedral | [34] |
| 19. | Nerium oleander | Apocynaceae | Oleander | HRTEM, SEM, XRD, FT-IR | 2–10 | Spherical | [35] |
| 20. | Euphorbia hirta | Euphorbiaceae | Pill-bearing spurge | TEM, XRD, EDAX, AFM | 50 | Spherical | [36] |
| 21. | Terminalia arjuna | Combretaceae | Arjuna | UV–visible, FTIR, XRD, TEM, AFM | 20 to 50 | Cubic, Spherical | [37] |
| 22. | Hibiscus sabdariffa | Malvaceae | Hibiscus | UV–vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, and XPS, TEM | 10–60 | Spherical | [38] |
| 23. | Mimosa pudica | Fabaceae | Sensitive plant | UV–vis, FT-IR, XRD, HR-TEM, | 12.5 | Spherical | [39] |
| 24. | Argemone mexicana | Papaveraceae | Mexican poppy | UV- Vis, XRD and SEM. | 22–26 | Spherical | [40] |
| 25. | Ocimum sanctum | Lamiaceae | Vernacular | UV−vis-NIR, TEM, GC−MS, HRTEM and SAED | 10–300 | Disk,coral shape | [41] |
| 26. | Azadirachta indica L | Meliaceae | Neem | TEM, DLS, SEM, FTIR, XRD, UV-vis near-infrared spectra | 15–18 | Isomorphic spherical | [42] |
| 27. | Silybum marianum | Asteraceae | Milk thistle | – | – | – | [43] |
| 28. | Ficus benghalensis | Moraceae | Banyan | UV-Spec, FTIR, TEM, XRD, SPR, | 2 nm to 100 | Spherical | [44] |
| 29. | Diospyros ferrea | Ebenaceae | Diospyros | UV-VIS spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM | 70 – 90 | – | [45] |
| 30. | Bauhinia tomentosa | Fabaceae | Yellow bauhinia | UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, FTIR, FESEM, EDAX, HR-TEM, XRD | 31.32 | Crystalline | [46] |
| 31. | Bougainvillea glabra | Nyctaginaceae | Paper flower | UV-visible spectral, FTIR, | – | – | [47] |
| 32. | Costus igneus | Costaceae | Spiral flag | UV-Vis Spectroscopy, SEM | 54–62 | Spherical | [48] |
| 33. | Aloe perfoliata L | Asphodelaceae | Barbados aloe | UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, TEM, and FTIR, AFM, EDAX | 50–350 | Spherical | [49] |
| 34. | Magnolia kobus | Magnoliaceae | Kobus magnolia | UV-visible absorption, EIS, Cyclic voltammograms, SEM | 100 to 300 | Plate and spherical | [50] |
| 35. | Hibiscus rosa-sinensis | Malvaceae | China rose | UV–vis spectroscopy, TEM, FTIR | 16–30 | Spherical | [51] |
| 36. | Nepenthes khasiana | Nepenthaceae | Ksete-phare | TEM, SEM, FT-IR, UV-VIS and XRD | 50 nm to 80 | Triangular and spherical | [52] |
| 37. | Hygrophila spinose | Acanthaceae | Lasia spinosa | XRD, SEM-EDAX, DLS, FT-IR and UV-spectroscopy | 50 nm to 80 | Triangular and spherical shape | |
| 38. | Amaranthus spinosus | Amaranthaceae | Spiny pigweed | UV-Vis, TEM, XRD, FT-IR, EDX, | 10.74 | Spherical, few triangular | [53] |
| 39. | Vitis vinifera | Vitaceae | Grape | UV–visible spectra, TEM, XRD, FTIR | 10–17 | Spherical | [54] |
| 40. | Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis | Meliaceae,Geraniaceae | Neem, murray red gum, | EDS spectra, UV/Vis spectrum, TEM | 1.25 – 17.5 and 2.5 – 27.5 with an average size of 5.5 and 7.5 | – | [55] |
| 41. | Mentha piperita, Melissa officinalis, Salvia officinalis | Lamiaceae | Peppermint, lemon balm, garden sage | UV–Vis absorption, DLS, SEM, TEM | – | – | [56] |
| 42. | Cicer arietinum L. | Fabaceae | Chick pea | UV-Vis spectra, TEM, SEM | 30 to 80 | Spherical, pentagonal and triangle shape | [57] |
| 43. | Tamarindus indica L | Fabaceae | Tamarind | UV visible Spectroscopy, GC/MS, HPLC, SEM, EDX, FTIR | 52 | Spherical sizes | [58] |
| 44. | Erythrina Variegate | Fabaceae | Indian coral tree | UV- Vis,FTIR, XRD, EDX, SEM and TEM | 20–50 | Cubical | [59] |
| 45. | Gymnema sylvestre | Apocynaceae | Gymnema | UV-vis, SEM, EDAX, FTIR, XRD | 72.8 | Spherical | [60] |