Table 1.
Descriptive analysis
| Baseline variables | n | Mean ± SD | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 20 | 69.4±9.5 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 20 | 28.6±6.8 | |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 20 | 47.1±13.1 | |
| Left atrial size measured by echocardiography (cm) | 17 | 5.0±0.7 | |
| Baseline creatinine (mg/dL) | 20 | 1.2±0.4 | |
|
| |||
| n | n′ | Percentage | |
|
| |||
| Males | 20 | 8 | 40 |
| Type of AF | 20 | ||
| Permanent | 4 | 20 | |
| Paroxysmal | 6 | 30 | |
| Persistent | 10 | 50 | |
| Hypertension | 20 | 13 | 65 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 20 | 16 | 80 |
| Coronary artery disease | 20 | 9 | 45 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 20 | 5 | 25 |
| History of smoking | 19 | 8 | 42 |
| History of stroke | 20 | 0 | 0 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 20 | 5 | 25 |
| Carotid artery disease | 20 | 2 | 10 |
| NYHA heart failure class | 5 | ||
| 2 | 2 | 40 | |
| 3 | 2 | 40 | |
| 4 | 1 | 20 | |
| Preoperative medications | |||
| Digoxin | 20 | 10 | 50 |
| Beta blocker | 20 | 20 | 100 |
| Angiotensin-converting inhibitor | 20 | 15 | 75 |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker | 20 | 3 | 15 |
| Diuretics | 20 | 17 | 85 |
| Statin | 20 | 8 | 40 |
| ASA | 20 | 12 | 60 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 20 | 3 | 15 |
| Clopidogrel | 20 | 2 | 10 |
| Nitrate | 20 | 4 | 20 |
| Warfarin | 20 | 19 | 95 |
| Intraoperative variables | |||
| Left atrial appendage excision or ligation surgically | 20 | 17 | 85 |
| Type of surgery | 20 | ||
| Valve only | 13 | 65 | |
| Bypass surgery only | 3 | 15 | |
| Both valve and bypass | 4 | 20 | |
| Maze procedure in addition to ablation | 20 | 3 | 15 |
Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; ASA, aspirin; n, total number of patients; n′, number of patients in each variable; NYHC, New York Heart Class.