Table 3.
Studies using 16S rRNA or metagenomic sequencing to examine relationship of gut microbial community of preterm infants and development of NEC.
| Study | Sequencing technology | Number of subjects/samples without NEC | Number of subjects/samples with NEC | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mai, et al. (1) | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | 9/18 | 9/18 | Case stools demonstrated an increase in Proteobacteria, and a decrease in Firmicutes in the week before NEC. | |
| McMurtry, et al. (2) | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | 74/74 | 21/21 | Bacterial diversity and relative abundance of Clostridia was significantly lower in NEC specimens compared to controls. | |
| Raveh-Sadka, et al. (3) | Metagenomic sequencing | 5/34 | 5/21 | No clear association between bacterial content as identified by metagenomics and outcome. | |
| Heida, et al. (4) | 16S rRNA gene sequencing of meconium and subsequent stools | 22/57 | 11/30 | Clostridium perfringens and Bacteroides dorei associated with NEC risk, and Staphylococci associated with protection. | |
| Torrazza, et al. (5) | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | 35/77 | 18/40 | Klebsiella pneumoniae during week 1 associated with subsequent development of NEC. | |
| Ward, et al. (6) | Metagenomic sequencing | 89/185 | 27/60 | Specific sequence types of E. coli associated with NEC. | |
| Zhou, et al. (7) | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | 26/111 | 10/88 | NEC having an association with Clostridia and Gammaproteobacteria, respectively. | |
| Sim, et al. (8) | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | 44/369 | 22/88 | Klebsiella, Clostridium associated with NEC risk. | |
| Stewart, et al. (9) | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | 28/520 | 7/121 | Klebsiella, Escherichia, Staphylococcus and Enterococcus present in all samples, without uniform microbial signature for NEC. | |
| Warner, et al. (10) | 16S rRNA gene sequencing | 120/2720 | 46/866 | Gammaproteobacteria associated with risk, and Negativicutes associated with protection; lack of diversity is associated with risk. |
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