Table 1. Clinical characteristics, systemic inflammatory markers, and 8-iso-PGF2α levels of study subjects.
| No AF (n=103) | AF (n=117) | p* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AF, overall | PaAF (n=65) | PeAF (n=52) | ||||
| Demographic | ||||||
| Age (years) | 56±12 | 57±10 | 55±10 | 60±9 | 0.509 | |
| Male | 50 (48.5) | 90 (76.9) | 48 (73.8) | 42 (80.8) | <0.001 | |
| Smoking | 18 (20.9) | 35 (33.3) | 15 (26.3) | 20 (41.7) | 0.057 | |
| Diabetes | 17 (16.5) | 17 (14.5) | 7 (10.8) | 10 (19.2) | 0.686 | |
| HTN | 36 (35.0) | 40 (34.2) | 22 (33.8) | 18 (34.6) | 0.905 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9±3.5 | 25.0±3.0 | 24.7±3.0 | 25.5±2.9 | 0.012 | |
| AF duration (months) | - | 30±37 | 22±33 | 40±40 | 0.01† | |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | - | 1.1±1.2 | 1.1±1.3 | 1.2±1.2 | 0.68† | |
| Laboratory | ||||||
| Hb (g/dL) | 13.8±0.1 | 14.9±0.1 | 14.9±1.4 | 14.8±1.7 | <0.001 | |
| Tc (mg/dL) | 192±39 | 173±38 | 172±33 | 173±44 | <0.001 | |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 52±15 | 49±14 | 49±12 | 50±17 | 0.204 | |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 114±37 | 100±31 | 101±31 | 100±32 | 0.004 | |
| TG (mg/dL) | 140±85 | 143±92 | 156±110 | 126±61 | 0.839 | |
| fT4 (ng/dL) | 15.00±4.08 | 19.60±16.94 | 21.36±21.95 | 17.31±5.53 | 0.054 | |
| LVEF (%) | 62±7 | 58±9 | 59±9 | 57±9 | <0.001 | |
| LAAPd (mm) | 35.1±4.3 | 40.3±6.3 | 38.4±6.2 | 42.8±5.5 | <0.001 | |
| Markers | ||||||
| 8-iso-PGF2α (pg/mL) | 47.55±39.38 | 72.62±46.29 | 76.79±48.00 | 67.32±43.90 | <0.001 | |
| hsCRP (mg/dL) | 0.18±0.30 | 0.18±0.29 | 0.15±0.13 | 0.22±0.42 | 0.96 | |
| lnhsCRP | −2.35±1.13 | −2.20±0.91 | −2.26±0.86 | −2.13±0.97 | 0.335 | |
| NLR | 1.88±0.89 | 2.30±1.83 | 1.84±0.79 | 2.83±2.51 | 0.048 | |
| RDW (%) | 13.37±1.56 | 13.53±0.82 | 13.27±0.61 | 13.86±0.93 | 0.343 | |
| Medication used | ||||||
| ACEI | 5 (4.9) | 5 (4.3) | 5 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 | |
| ARB | 11 (10.7) | 35 (29.9) | 14 (21.5) | 21 (40.4) | <0.001 | |
| Statin | 21 (20.4) | 32 (27.4) | 18 (27.7) | 14 (26.9) | 0.228 | |
| Beta blocker | 10 (9.7) | 28 (23.9) | 20 (30.8) | 8 (15.4) | 0.005 | |
| Ca blocker | 4 (3.9) | 29 (24.8) | 11 (16.9) | 18 (34.6) | <0.001 | |
Data are presented as mean±SD or number (%).
8-iso-PGF2α = 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α; ACEI = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AF = atrial fibrillation; ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI = body mass index; Ca blocker = calcium channel blocker; fT4 = free thyroxine; Hb = hemoglobin; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; hsCRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; HTN = hypertension; LAAPd = left atrial antero-posterior diameter; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; lnhsCRP = natural log-transformed high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; NLR = neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; PaAF = paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; PeAF = persistent atrial fibrillation; RDW = red cell distribution width; SD = standard deviation; Tc = total cholesterol; TG = triglyceride.
*No AF vs. AF, overall, †PaAF vs. PeAF.