Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients with trapped thrombus in PFO.
| Characteristics | Overall population (n=194) | Treatment option | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surgery (n=112, 57.7%) | Thrombolysis (n=28, 14.4%) | Anticoagulation (n=54, 27.8%) | p value | |||
| Age | 59.3±16.4 | 56.5±15.7 | 57.8±16.0 | 66.1±16.4 | 0.002* | |
| Men | 100 (51.5) | 57 (50.9) | 12 (42.9) | 31 (57.4) | 0.447 | |
| Cause of pulmonary embolism | - | - | - | - | 0.848 | |
| Unprovoked | 129 (66.5) | 73 (65.2) | 20 (71.4) | 36 (66.7) | - | |
| Provoked | 51 (26.3) | 29 (25.9) | 7 (25.0) | 15 (27.8) | - | |
| Cancer related | 14 (7.2) | 10 (8.9) | 1 (3.6) | 3 (5.6) | - | |
| Initial shock or arrest | 40 (20.6) | 18 (16.1) | 14 (50.0) | 8 (14.8) | <0.001† | |
| Pre-treatment embolism | 73 (37.6) | 36 (32.2) | 10 (35.7) | 27 (50.0) | 0.134 | |
| Stroke (including TIA) | 48 (24.7) | 19 (17.0) | 6 (21.4) | 23 (42.6) | - | |
| Non-stroke embolism | 25 (12.9) | 17 (15.2) | 4 (14.3) | 4 (7.4) | - | |
| IVC filter | 39 (20.1) | 32 (28.6) | 3 (10.7) | 4 (7.4) | 0.003‡ | |
| Publication year | - | - | - | - | 0.483 | |
| ≤2005 | 84 (43.3) | 50 (44.6) | 14 (50.0) | 20 (37.0) | - | |
| >2005 | 110 (56.7) | 62 (55.4) | 14 (50.0) | 34 (63.0) | - | |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
IVC = inferior vena cava; PFO = patent foramen ovale; TIA = transient ischemic attack.
*Post-hoc analysis: surgery vs. anticoagulation, p<0.010; †Post-hoc analysis: thrombolysis vs. surgery, p<0.010; thrombolysis vs. anticoagulation, p<0.010; ‡Post-hoc analysis: surgery vs. anticoagulation, p<0.010.