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. 2017 Sep 26;7:12335. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12549-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Assessment of the effect of lysozyme in the printed bio-ink on the fluorescence signal. The DNAzyme with pullulan and trehalose was mixed without or with lysozyme and printed on the paper (the lane shown as − and + lysozyme at the bottom). In the first zone only buffer was added, in the second and third zone whole cells (WC) were added. In the fourth zone cell lysate (CL) was added. The paper was scanned for fluorescence at different time points as indicated. (B) Detection limit was investigated with different numbers of E. coli cells without lysis (WC) and after lysis (CL). Details on obtaining different number of cells, cleavage reactions and analysis are provided in the experimental section. (C) Selectivity test using non-target gram positive and gram negative bacteria.