Table 3.

Mono- and co-culture experiments of HepG2 cells with human (a) monocytic or (b) macrophage-like (THP-1) cells. Cells were exposed to known iDILI substances and their corresponding non-iDILI partner compound. Results are based on the assessment of the viability of the HepG2 cells after 24 h or 48 h exposure to 32 μM TGZ/RGZ, 25 μM TVX/LVX, 125 μM DcL/ASS or 20 μM KC/FC with or without a co-exposure to a pro-inflammatory stimulus (LPS, 1 μg/mL, or TNF, 10 ng/mL) compared to the vehicle control. Green check marks (√) indicate synergistic effects (increased cytotoxicity) between the drug and the co-cultured cells and/or the pro-inflammatory factor; Violet arrows (↗) indicate an increased metabolic activity of the HepG2 cells; Black crosses (X) indicate no effect and (./.) indicates not performed experiments. Each experiment was performed at least three times. Evaluation of the significance of the effects was performed using a two-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test or a one-way ANOVA and the Tukey post hoc test (see single graphs per experiment for significance levels). Mono = Monoculture of HepG2; Co = Co-culture of HepG2 with the indicated THP-1 cell type.