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An example of three-factorial toxicity effects classified as “A”: an additive action of PbO-NP and CuO-NP on the De Ritis coefficient in the absence of any other toxic exposure is transformed into the synergism of the same two Me-NPs against concomitant background exposure to ZnO-NP. The doses of PbO and CuO are plotted on the axes in mg per rat. The numbers at the lines of the isoboles show the values of the effect.
