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Hyperactivation of the RAS/MAPK or PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways seen in the majority of vascular anomalies. Schematic of the two pathways displays location of associated protein with names of disorders in boxes. Proteins with loss-of-function mutations indicated in red; those with gain of function in green. Rapamycin (in bright red) is a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor effective in treating VMs and LMs.
