Fig. 1.

DIO protects against ADR-induced retinal injury in vivo and in vitro.

(A) The chemical structure and the intravitreal injection (IVI) route of DIO. (B) Slices of retina were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histopathological analysis. Representative histomicrographs of retina sections of non-drug treament group, 6 μM DIO treatment group, 1.5 μM ADR treatment group and co-injected group. Arrows indicate the thickness of the pigment epithelium layer. (C) Determination of the IC₅₀ of ARPE-19 cells treated with ADR at increasing concentrations (0–1.5 μM) for 72 h. The percentage of cell proliferation was measured with the MTT assay. (D) The cell survival rate was measured with MTT assays. Cells were treated with 6 μM of DIO and 1.5 μM of ADR for 72 h. The data represent the mean ± SD (n = 4), ^***P < 0.001 (ADR vs. control), ^†††P < 0.001 (DIO + ADR vs. ADR). (E) Cell morphology was observed after 72 h of ADR (1.5 μM) and DIO (6 μM) treatment.