Fig. 7.

HM71224 ameliorates renal damage and inflammation in animal models of lupus. Renal histopathological analysis was performed using the membranous glomerulonephritis score (GN) score, the renal interstitial inflammation/fibrosis (IN), and the vasculitis (VI) score. a Treatment of MRL/lpr mice with HM71224 for 20 weeks produced a dose-dependent reduction in renal destruction and lymphocyte infiltration and a statistically significant reduction in GN and VI scores. b Treatment of NZB/W F1 mice with HM71224 for 22 weeks resulted in statistically significant amelioration of the GN, IN, and VI scores. Scores are shown as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 versus vehicle control determined by the Kruskal–Wallis test. Representative histopathological Periodic acid Schiff stained sections of the kidneys of MRL/lpr mice at 28 weeks of age (c) and NZB/W F1 mice at 40 weeks of age (d). Thickening of the basement membrane (arrow), tubule distention with proteinaceous fluid (asterisk), and inflammation were ameliorated in the HM71224-treated groups. All images were captured at × 200 magnification