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. 2017 Sep 26;17:470. doi: 10.1186/s12906-017-1979-6

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Effect of bloodletting puncture at HTWP on ultrastructure of the BBB in the ipsilateral cortex at 48 h following pMCAO (n = 3 per group). a, d, g Sham-operated group. Normal basement membrane and tight junctions were observed. b, e, h pMCAO group. The basement membranes were disrupted, tight junctions were unclear, and astrocytes were degenerated. c, f, i Bloodletting group. Continuous tight junctions and basement membrane were observed. EC, endothelial cell; L, capillary lumen. BM, basement membrane; P, pericyte; *, astrocyte end-feet; TJ, tight junctions; Ast, astrocyte; N, neuron; Nu, nucleus. Scale bar = 1 μm in (a, d, g, i). Scale bar = 2 μm in (b, c, e, f, h)