Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the participants.
| Variables | All n = 92 |
Sex | p1 | Age Groups | p2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males n = 53 |
Females n = 39 |
Adults n = 47 |
Older Adults n = 45 |
||||
| Age (year) | 44 (12) | 45 (11) | 43 (13) | 0.576 | 35 (7) | 54 (6) | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 160.5 (11.1) | 165.2 (9.7) | 154.1 (9.8) | <0.001 | 161.4 (12.3) | 159.5 (9.5) | 0.419 |
| Weight (kg) | 73.8 (14.3) | 71.9 (111.7) | 76.3 (17.1) | 0.385 | 70.8 (14.0) | 76.9 (14.2) | 0.044 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.9 (6.5) | 26.4 (3.9) | 32.2 (7.7) | <0.001 | 27.2 (4.4) | 30.7 (7.7) | 0.009 |
| Normal (%) | 26.1 | 37.7 | 10.3 | <0.001 | 36.2 | 15.6 | 0.067 |
| Overweight (%) | 42.4 | 50.9 | 30.7 | 34.0 | 51.1 | ||
| Obese (%) | 31.5 | 11.4 | 59.0 | 29.8 | 33.3 | ||
| WC (cm) | 94.0 (15.7) | 92.7 (11.8) | 95.8 (19.7) | 0.347 | 88.4 (12.1) | 99.8 (16.9) | <0.001 |
| Normal (%) | 57.6 | 77.4 | 30.8 | <0.001 | 66.0 | 48.9 | 0.098 |
| Elevated (%) | 42.4 | 22.6 | 69.2 | 34.0 | 51.1 | ||
| Body fat mass (%) | 30.7 (10.0) | 24.5 (7.4) | 39.1 (6.2) | <0.001 | 30.4 (9.5) | 31.2 (10.6) | 0.706 |
| Body fat-free mass (%) | 32.8 (7.7) | 37.2 (5.7) | 26.9 (5.8) | <0.001 | 33.6 (7.1) | 31.9 (8.3) | 0.304 |
Note: data are expressed as mean (SD) or percentage of the group. p1 Difference between sex based on t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square for categorical variables. p2 Difference between age groups based on t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square for categorical variables. Statistically significant values are shown in bold (p ≤ 0.05). BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference.