Table 4.
The social factors associated with visual impairment among Chinese adults.
| Variables | Young Adults | Middle-Aged Adults | Elders | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Age | 1.05 (1.04–1.06) |
1.12 (1.10–1.13) |
1.11 (1.11–1.12) |
1.06 (1.06–1.07) |
1.11 (1.11–1.12) |
1.09 (1.09–1.09) |
| Gender (ref = Male) | ||||||
| Female | 0.75 (0.68–0.83) |
0.50 (0.44–0.56) |
1.18 (1.13–1.23) |
0.83 (0.78–0.87) |
1.69 (1.64–1.75) |
1.15 (1.11–1.20) |
| Illiterate (ref = No) | ||||||
| Yes | 11.59 (10.2–13.16) |
9.19 (7.87–10.74) |
3.14 (2.99–3.3) |
1.92 (1.82–2.03) |
2.54 (2.44–2.63) |
1.47 (1.40–1.54) |
| Residence (ref = Urban) | ||||||
| Rural | 1.65 (1.44–1.89) |
2.31 (1.95–2.73) |
1.53 (1.43–1.63) |
2.06 (1.92–2.22) |
1.77 (1.67–1.88) |
1.71 (1.61–1.81) |
| Region (ref = East) | ||||||
| Central | 1.69 (1.46–1.95) |
1.48 (1.28–1.72) |
1.69 (1.58–1.82) |
1.54 (1.43–1.65) |
1.06 (1–1.13) |
1.02 (0.96–1.08) |
| West | 1.97 (1.71–2.26) |
1.51 (1.30–1.75) |
1.9 (1.77–2.03) |
1.59 (1.48–1.70) |
1.29 (1.22–1.37) |
1.29 (1.21–1.36) |
| Marital status (ref = Married) | ||||||
| Unmarried | 1.42 (1.27–1.6) |
2.48 (2.07–2.97) |
6.17 (5.6–6.79) |
4.21 (3.80–4.67) |
2.43 (2.14–2.76) |
2.43 (2.12–2.79) |
| Divorced or widowed | 3.65 (2.84–4.7) |
2.46 (1.90–3.18) |
2.67 (2.5–2.85) |
1.37 (1.28–1.47) |
2.31 (2.24–2.39) |
1.19 (1.15–1.23) |
| Employment (ref = Yes) | ||||||
| No | 4.19 (3.77–4.66) |
8.13 (7.01–9.41) |
3.64 (3.46–3.83) |
3.52 (3.30–3.75) |
3.21 (3.02–3.41) |
2.19 (2.06–2.33) |
| Annual family income per capita by residential area (ref = “>national average”) | ||||||
| ≤national average | 2.86 (2.4–3.41) |
2.17 (1.82–2.6) |
2.58 (2.41–2.77) |
2.10 (1.95–2.26) |
1.53 (1.45–1.62) |
1.44 (1.37–1.52) |