Skip to main content
. 2017 Sep 10;14(9):1041. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14091041

Table 2.

Lipid profiles, HbA1c and diabetes related characteristics of the participants at each altitude level.

District Mustang Humla
Altitude 2800 m 3270 m 3620 m 2890 m
(Urban) (Rural) (Urban) (Rural)
Variables Mean ± SD (N)
TC (mmol/L) 4.5 ± 0.9 (142) 4.2 ± 0.8 (56) 4.5 ± 1.1 (38) 4.1 ± 1.1 (168)
TG (mmol/L) 1.9 ± 0.9 (140) 1.5 ± 0.9 (56) 2.4 ± 1.5 (38) 1.7 ± 0.9 (168)
HDL (women) (mmol/L) 1.2 ± 0.5 (75) 1.4 ± 0.3 (30) 1.3 ± 0.3 (22) 1.0 ± 0.3 (111)
HDL (men) (mmol/L) 1.1 ± 0.5 (64) 1.3 ± 0.3 (24) 1.1 ± 0.4 (15) 1.1 ± 0.4 (56)
LDL(mmol/L) 2.4 ± 0.7 (135) 2.2 ± 0.7 (53) 2.2 ± 0.9 (34) 2.3 ± 0.7 (164)
Non-HDL (mmol/L) 3.3 ± 0.8 (139) 2.8 ± 0.8 (54) 3.3 ± 1.2 (37) 3.1 ± 0.9 (167)
HbA1c (mmol/mol) 38.7 ± 10.6(141) 38.0 ± 5.4 (61) 39.2 ± 8.8 (44) 38.1 ± 4.9 (171)
% (N)
High TC 23.9 (142) 12.5 (56) 15.8 (38) 13.7 (168)
High TG 52.1 (142) 30.4 (56) 57.9 (38) 36.9 (168)
Low HDL 64.1 (142) 39.3 (56) 55.3 (38) 71.4 (168)
High non-HDL 16.4 (140) 7.3 (55) 18.9 (37) 13.8 (167)
High TC to HDL ratio 24.5 (139) 5.6 (54) 29.7 (37) 27.5 (167)
Diabetes or medication 10.6 (142) 3.3 (61) 13.6 (44) 3.5 (172)
Diabetes 9.2 (141) 3.3 (61) 11.4 (44) 2.9 (171)
Pre-diabetes 22.1 (141) 39.3 (61) 25.0 (44) 36.8 (171)
Diabetes newly diagnosed 3.5 (141) 3.3 (61) 6.8 (44) 0.6 (171)

TC: total cholesterol, TG: triglyceride, HDL: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin, high TC: ≥5.2 mmol/L, high TG: ≥1.7 mmol/L, high LDL: ≥3.4 mmol/L, low HDL: <1.3 mmol/L for women and <1.0 mmol/L for men, high non-HDL: ≥4.1 mmol/L, Impaired glucose tolerance: HbA1c ≥ 39 to 47 mmol/mol, Diabetes: HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol.