Table 2.
Average values (± standard deviation) of the studied variables in the two evaluation points in both the intervention and control group.
| Variable | Control Group | Exercise Group | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Final | Δ | Baseline | Final | Δ | p | |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.95 ± 0.87 | 7.39 ± 0.92 | −0.56 | 7.71 ± 0.85 | 6.83 ± 0.62 | −0.88 | <0.001 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 152.09 ± 34.42 | 138.54 ± 34.90 | −13.55 | 146.88 ± 35.07 | 125.05 ± 28.61 | −21.83 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 180.92 ± 35.78 | 169.85 ± 36.04 | −11.07 | 184.15 ± 29.94 | 160.05 ± 26.66 | −24.10 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 105.27 ± 34.87 | 94.11 ± 35.28 | −11.16 | 106.09 ± 27.86 | 83.41 ± 23.90 | −22.68 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 48.87 ± 10.90 | 50.65 ± 10.92 | 1.78 | 51.15 ± 13.42 | 56.56 ± 14.08 | 5.41 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 133.75 ± 40.49 | 125.36 ± 39.97 | −8.39 | 134.54 ± 39.45 | 100.37 ± 28.52 | −34.17 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 136.42 ± 12.60 | 134.91 ± 13.81 | −1.51 | 134.02 ± 13.09 | 122.29 ± 10.25 | −11.73 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.33 ± 9.74 | 79.07 ± 10.13 | −0.26 | 78.49 ± 8.99 | 73.37 ± 6.55 | −5.12 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.97 ± 4.73 | 31.60 ± 4.73 | 0.63 | 31.00 ± 5.17 | 30.41 ± 4.96 | −0.59 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 107.82 ± 10.25 | 109.85 ± 9.99 | 2.03 | 105.94 ± 13.30 | 102.87 ± 12.59 | −3.07 | <0.001 |
| 10-year risk of CAD *(%) | 19.29 ± 10.27 | 17.32 ± 9.54 | −1.97 | 16.56 ± 9.46 | 12.12 ± 7.34 | −4.44 | <0.001 |
Δ: variation between baseline and final; p: level of statistical significance of the time * group interaction effect determined by Split-Plot analysis of variance with repeated measures; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; CAD: coronary artery disease; * calculated by United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Risk Engine v2.0 [19].