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. 2017 Sep 26;10:445. doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2385-0

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — ESP induce IL-1β and IL-6. Astrocytes were treated with 500 μg/ml ESP at different time points. The protein levels of IL-1β (a) and IL-6 (b) were detected by Western blot analysis. The concentrations of IL-1β (c) and IL-6 (d) were determined in astrocyte culture medium by ELISA. Statistical significance was determined by Student’s t-test: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 (n = 3)