Table 4.
Associations of health endpoints (blood pressure, hypertension, and mortality) with ERS’s from different statistical approaches. For the comparison purpose, associations with blood lead and blood cadmium are presented
| AENET-M | AENET-I | BART | SL | Blood Lead | Blood Cadmium | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP | β (95% CI) |
0.03 (−0.45, 0.51) |
0.69 (0.20, 1.18) |
0.52 (0.07, 0.97) |
1.03 (0.57, 1.48) |
0.78 (0.22, 1.34) |
0.28 (−0.25, 0.82) |
| DBP | β (95% CI) |
1.12 (0.73, 1.50) |
1.50 (1.11, 1.88) |
0.90 (0.55, 1.24) |
1.61 (1.28, 1.95) |
0.97 (0.60, 1.34) |
0.29 (−0.12, 0.71) |
| Hypertension | OR (95% CI) |
1.11 (1.02, 1.22) |
1.26 (1.15, 1.38) |
1.17 (1.09, 1.25) |
1.30 (1.20, 1.40) |
1.08 (0.99, 1.18) |
1.06 (0.98, 1.16) |
| Total mortality | HR (95% CI) |
1.07 (0.89, 1.30) |
1.07 (0.92, 1.24) |
1.07 (0.96, 1.19) |
1.15 (0.98, 1.35) |
1.08 (0.86, 1.36) |
1.37 (1.10, 1.70) |
| CVD mortality | HR (95% CI) |
0.99 (0.69, 1.41) |
1.09 (0.78, 1.54) |
1.07 (0.76, 2.51) |
0.98 (0.71, 1.36) |
0.92 (0.60, 1.41) |
1.24 (0.80, 1.92) |
| Cancer mortality | HR (95% CI) |
1.50 (1.05, 2.15) |
1.24 (0.93, 1.63) |
1.23 (0.99, 1.54) |
1.23 (0.94, 1.60) |
1.41 (1.01, 1.96) |
1.50 (1.07, 2.10) |
AENET-M adaptive elastic net for main effects, AENET-I adaptive elastic net for main effects and pairwise interactions, BART Bayesian Additive Regression Tree, SL Super Learner
Effect estimates (β, odds ratio (OR), and hazard ratio (HR)) are based on a standardized increment which is equivalent to one standard deviation increase in each ERS. All models were adjusted for age (except mortality outcomes), sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status, education