Figure 6.

PD prevents MGO-induced mitochondrial damage. HUVECs were pretreated with PD for 2 h, followed by stimulation with MGO (200 μM) for 1 h. (a) The MMP was assessed by JC-1 probe. The fluorescence intensity of JC-1 monomers (490/530 nm) and JC-1 aggregates (525/590 nm) was measured using a microplate reader. The ratio of JC-1 aggregates/JC-1 monomers was calculated. Data shown are mean ± SD for 3 independent experiments and are presented as % of control (first bar). ^∗∗P < 0.01 versus Con; ^##P < 0.01 versus MGO. (b) Ultrastructural alterations of mitochondria were detected by TEM. Representative images of 3 independent experiments are shown. Distance bars: 250 nm.