Figure 15.

Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for in vivo fluorescence imaging. A) Schematic diagram depicting colloidal synthesis of nanoparticles with a cyanovinylene backbone by a tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation in the hydrophobic core of solvent-free aqueous micelles. “C₈” stands for n-octyl chains. B) True-color photographs of water-dispersed polymer nanoparticles (left) and a nanoparticle-injected live mouse (right) under room light (top) and UV excitation at λ = 365 nm for fluorescence (bottom). Reproduced from Ref. [72] with permission.