Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 7.
Published in final edited form as: J Mater Chem B. 2017 Feb 20;5(13):2375–2379. doi: 10.1039/C6TB03130G

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Different methods of cell manipulation that lead to reprogramming and differentiation. This includes (A) topographical cues that signals cytoskeletal organization and thus intracellular pathways, (B) varying stiffness that promotes cell phenotype specific reprogramming through intercellular signaling, and (C) addition of soluble factors to cell culture to activate cell pathways towards direct reprogramming. Reproduced with permission from ref. 57. Copyright (2009) Elsevier, from ref. 55. Copyright (2013) American Chemical Society, and from ref. 27. Copyright (2016) Wiley Periodicals, Inc.