Table 1. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and biochemical variables in hemodialysis patients according to KRU.
| Variables | Total (n = 106) | KRU < 0.9 mL/min/1.73m2 (n = 53) | KRU ≥ 0.9mL/min/1.73m2 (n = 53) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | ||||
| Age (years) | 59.1 ± 11.0 | 58.2 ± 9.1 | 60 ± 12.7 | 0.39 |
| Male, n (%) | 55 (51.9) | 26 (49.1) | 29 (54.7) | 0.70 |
| Clinical data | ||||
| Duration of hemodialysis (months) | 28.4 (10.9–49.2) | 37.4 (19.5–56.6) | 13.6 (7.0–42.9) | <0.001 |
| Initial end-stage renal disease | 0.70 | |||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 60 (56.6) | 31 (58.5) | 29 (54.7) | |
| Non-diabetes, n (%) | 46 (43.4) | 22 (41.5) | 24 (45.3) | |
| Previous cardiovascular disease | ||||
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 43 (40.6) | 23 (43.4) | 20 (37.0) | 0.99 |
| Peripheral artery disease, n (%) | 17 (16.0) | 7 (13.2) | 10 (18.9) | 0.43 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 2 (1.9) | 1 (1.9) | 1 (1.9) | 0.99 |
| Mean interdialytic weight gain (kg) | 1.5 ± 1.2 | 1.9 ± 1.3 | 1.1 ± 1.0 | < 0.001 |
| Residual renal urine (cc) | 600 (200–1000) | 250 (120–400) | 1000 (800–1575) | <0.001 |
| Medication use | ||||
| Vitamin D analogs, n (%) | 55 (51.9) | 27 (50.9) | 28 (52.8) | 0.76 |
| Calcium-based phosphate binder, n (%) | 45 (42.5) | 30 (56.6) | 15 (28.3) | 0.01 |
| Non calcium-based phosphate binder, n (%) | 12 (11.3) | 8 (15.1) | 4 (8.0) | 0.42 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 74 (69.8) | 32 (60.4) | 42 (79.2) | 0.03 |
| ACEi or ARB, n (%) | 74 (69.8) | 36 (67.9) | 38 (71.7) | 0.67 |
| ESA, n (%) | 90 (84.9) | 46 (86.8) | 44 (83.0) | 0.85 |
| Resistance, n (%) | 11 (10.4) | 8 (15.1) | 2 (3.8) | 0.05 |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.1 ± 1.2 | 10.1 ± 1.1 | 10.2 ± 1.3 | 0.85 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.4 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 0.86 |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 8.7 (8.1–9.1) | 8.7 (8.1–9.1) | 8.6 (8.2–8.9) | 0.92 |
| Phosphate (mg/dL) | 4.5 ± 1.2 | 4.6 ± 1.4 | 4.4 ± 1.1 | 0.51 |
| Ca × P (mg2/dL2) | 40.0 (31.9–44.4) | 40.5 (34.2–45.1) | 38.3 (30.8–43.8) | 0.28 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 138 (107.5–163.5) | 138 (107.0–160.0) | 140.0 (110.5–164.5) | 0.38 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 93.5 (65.0–147.3) | 88.0 (57.0–129.0) | 104.0 (78.5–158.0) | 0.07 |
| High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 41.0 (32.0–51.0) | 41.0 (31.0–53.0) | 41.0 (33.5–49.5) | 0.83 |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 78.0 (58.0–95.0) | 72.0 (53.0–89.0) | 86.0 (62.0–103.0) | 0.02 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 0.6 (0.3–1.6) | 0.9 (0.4–3.0) | 0.5 (0.3–1.1) | 0.03 |
| Parathyroid hormone (pg/dL) | 204.0 (105.7–398.6) | 243.8 (102.4–415.2) | 196.6 (118.8–346.0) | 0.65 |
| β2-microglobulin (mg/L) | 19.9 ± 6.8 | 22.4 ± 6.7 | 17.3 ± 5.8 | 0.01 |
| KRU (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.9 (0.3–2.5) | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) | 2.5 (1.5–3.0) | <0.001 |
| Single-pool Kt/V | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 0.59 |
| AACS | 3.0 (1.0–8.0) | 4.0 (1.0–10.0) | 3.0 (0.0–8.0) | 0.05 |
| ABPM | ||||
| Daytime mean blood pressure | 106.8 ± 13.5 | 108.9 ± 14.4 | 104.5 ± 12.4 | 0.09 |
| Nighttime blood pressure | 101.5 ± 14.9 | 102.6 ± 15.4 | 100.4 ± 14.3 | 0.47 |
| Non-dipper, n (%) | 79 (74.5) | 41 (80.4) | 38 (79.2) | 0.99 |
| baPWV (cm/s) | 1756.5 ± 292.2 | 1836.1 ± 250.4 | 1676.8 ± 311.0 | 0.01 |
Note: values are expressed as median ± SD or median (interquartile range) or number (percentage).
Abbreviations: AACS, abdominal aortic calcification score; ABPM, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; Ca × P, calcium× phosphate; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESA, erythropoietinstimulating agent; KRU, residual renal urea clearance.