(A) The viability of Neuro2a cells, hRPCs, RF/6A cells, and HUVECs was measured by CCK8 assays after treatment with different HG concentrations for 24 h. (B) Trx expression was detected by real-time PCR in Neuro2a cells, hRPCs, RF/6A cells, and HUVECs after treatment with/without HG (30 mM). (C)-(D) Apoptosis analysis of Neuro2a, Neuro2a-Trx, and Neuro2a-LacZ cells after treatment with/without HG (30 mM). X axis is Annexin V-APC staining and Y axis is 7-AAD staining. (E) Neuro2a, Neuro2a-Trx, and Neuro2a-LacZ cell viability after treatment with/without HG (30 mM). (F)-(G) The effect of Trx on apoptosis of HUVECs with/without HG treatment (30 mM). X axis is Annexin V staining and Y axis is propidium iodide (PI) staining. (H) The effect of Trx on cell viability of HUVECs with/without HG treatment (30 mM). The data are presented as the mean ± SD (n=3 in each group). * p<0.05, * * p<0.01, * * * p<0.001.