| Nordstrom 1997 [27] |
Case-control |
HCL 2.2 (1.2-3.8) |
Age, sex and country |
All occupations lasting longer than 1 year were classified according to the Nordic Working Classification System (NYK) 1989. |
| Hughes 2004 [28] |
Case-control |
NHL 1.21 (0.87-1.69) Men 1.20 (0.81-1.78) Women 1.27 (0.73-2.23) |
Age, sex, state of residence, ethnicity, skin color and ability to tan |
Hours of occupational sun exposure. For each job recorded in the calendar, data were collected about the number of days worked per week, hours worked per day and hours worked outdoors per day. Occupational hours of exposure were totalled for 50 weeks a year, assuming 2 weeks for vacations and sick leave |
| Smedby 2005 [29] |
Case-control |
NHL 1.1 (1.0-1.2) CLL 1.1 (0.9-1.3) DLBCL 1.2 (1.0-1.4) FL 0.7 (0.5-0.9) T-NHL 1.2 (0.9-1.7) |
Age, sex, country and skin reaction to sun |
A standardized and computer-aided questionnaire, outdoor occupation lasting 1 year or more (ever/never) |
| Morales 2006 [37] |
Case-control |
MF 2.3 (0.9-6.2) |
Age, sex, region, exposure to aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons |
A structured questionnaire. The type of occupation and industry was asked for each job, including the year the job started and ended. Recorded work tasks, job title, and working hours per week for each occupational period. The specific nature of the work also was addressed, such as machines or products used, duration of their use (hours per week), and dates of job tenure. |
| Tavani 2006 [30] |
Case-control |
NHL 0.96 (0.66-1.40) |
Age, sex, area of residence, education and smoking |
A structured questionnaire, study participants were asked whether they had been exposed to UV radiation at work and for how long |
| Karipidis 2007 [31] |
Case-control |
NHL 1.32 (0.96-1.81) |
Age, sex, region of residence, ethnic origin |
The questionnaire included a lifetime calendar that was used to obtain a detailed occupational history from each subject, including information about job title, employer, industry, start and finish years, number of hours worked per day and number of days worked per week |
| Weihkopf 2007 [32] |
Case-control |
T-NHL 0.9 (0.3-3.5) B-NHL 0.9 (0.6-1.4) |
Age, sex, region, smoking (packyears) and alcohol consumption |
A complete occupational history, including every occupational period that lasted at least 1 year. For every job held, information was obtained about the start and the end of the job phase, about job title, industry and specific job tasks. Study subjects having held potentially hazardous jobs were additionally asked to reply to job task-specific supplementary questions. |
| Zhang 2007 [33] |
Case-control |
NHL WOMEN 1.8 (1.0-3.4) |
Age, race, family history of NHL, highest educational level, eye color and skin type |
A standardized, structured questionnaire. For the history of occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation, subjects were asked to provide all job titles and main duties that they had for 1 year or longer before diagnosis (for cases) or interview (for controls). Each job title was designated as indoor (purely indoor or mixed type) or outdoor. If an individual had both indoor and outdoor jobs, she was assigned to the outdoor job category. |
| Boffetta 2008 [34] |
Case-control |
NHL 1.08 (0.74-1.56) CLL 1.36 (0.86-2.14) DLBCL 0.69 (0.42-1.15) FL 0.57 (0.31-1.06) T-NHL 1.14 (0.59-2.21) |
Age, sex, study area, education, skin reaction to sun and questionnaire type |
Information on occupation was collected at interview for each job held for at least 1 year in a general questionnaire and in 14 questionnaires specific to jobs and industries likely to entail exposure to suspected lymphoma carcinogens (dry cleaners, farmers or gardeners, textile workers, meat workers or slaughterers, chemical industry workers, painters, hairdressers, wood workers, printers, leather or tannery workers, teachers or others working with children, metal degreasers, health professionals and grain millers or bakers). |
| Wong 2012 [35] |
Case-control |
NHL 0.75 (0.55-1.03) B-NHL 0.73 (0.53-1.02) T-NHL 1.10 (0.55-2.21) |
Age, sex, study center , month of diagnosis, race, education, housing type, BMI, history of any cancer in the first degree relatives |
Participants were defined as outdoor workers if they had spent at least 30 min working outside under sun (between 9 am and 5 pm) in any of the jobs that lasted 1 year or more. Categorized participants into ‘‘indoor work only’’ workers, and those who spent all or part of their working hours outdoors ‘‘mixed indoor ± outdoor’’ workers. |
| Hakansson 2001 [36] |
Cohort |
NHL Men 1.3 (0.9-1.9) |
Age, smoking, and magnetic field exposure |
The occupational exposure to sunlight from outdoor work was assessed by an experienced industrial hygienist from the construction industry (N. Hallin). The hygienist classified the sunlight exposure for the job tasks into four categories with exposure scores 0, 1, 2, and 3 |
