Table 1.

Primers, accession numbers, sequences, and functional roles of targets in real-time RT-PCR for all gene expression studies.

Primer	Accession #	Sequences (forward, reverse)	Functional Role	Ref.
B-actin	V01217	5′-GTC GTA CCA CTG GCA TTG TG-3′ 5′-GCC ATC TCT TGC TCG AAG TC-3′	Stably expressed cytoskeletal actin; used as a housekeeping gene	(51)
c-Fos	NM_016992.1	5′-CCA AGC GGA GAC AGA TCA AC-3′ 5′-AAG TCC AGG GAG GT CACA GA-3′	Immediate early gene, expression signifies cellular activity; used as a general index of cellular activation	(52)
IL-1β	NM_031512	5′-AGG ACC CAA GC ACCT TCT TT-3′ 5′-AGA CAG CAC GAG GCA TTT TT-3′	Inflammatory cytokine, rapidly expressed in response to stressors	(18)
IL-6	NM_012589	5′-TAG TCC TTC CTA CCC CAA CTT CC-3′ 5′-TTG GTC CTT AGC CAC TCC TTC-3′	Has both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles, expressed in response to infection and stressors	(53)
TNF-α	NM_012675	5′-GGG GCC ACC ACG CTC TTC TG-3′ 5′-CGA CGT GGG CTA CGG GCT TG-3′	Endogenous pyrogen primarily expressed by macrophages in response to infection and stressors	(54)
CD14	NM_021744.1	5′-TCC ATC GGT GCT CAC AAA TA-3′ 5′-TTG GGG ATT TAG CTC AGT GG-3′	Cell surface molecule, co-receptor for detection of bacterial LPS; often used as a marker of microglial activity	(55)
CD200	NM_031518.2	5′-CTG CCA TCT GTC CAC CTA CA-3′ 5′-AAG GGT TCC TGG GTT GTT TT-3′	Signaling molecule released by neurons important in regulating the inflammatory response; expression levels reflect neuronal-sourced dampening of inflammatory microglial activity	(56)
CD200R	NM_023953.1	5′-CTG CTC TGC TGC CCT TCT AT-3′ 5′-ATG GGT CTC CCT TGT GTC TG-3′	Cell-surface molecule on microglia important in regulating the inflammatory response; serves as a marker of microglial activity	(56)
GFAP	NM_018009.2	5′-GAG CCC CTA ACT CTG TGC TG-3′ 5′-GCA CAC CTC ACA TCA CAT CC-3′	Expressed by active astrocytes, involved in cell communication and the response to insult	(48)