Table 2.

Synergistic effect of LPS and PA on expression of proinflammatory molecules

Gene name	Ct				Fold increase by
	Control	LPS	PA	LPS+PA	LPS	PA	LPS+PA
CCL2	23.77	21.37	22.17	20.87	5.27	3.03	7.43
CSF2	30.41	28.32	28.58	26.83	4.27	3.57	11.93
CSF3	29.07	25.37	27.84	24.44	12.98	2.35	24.80
IL1A	28.02	26.77	26.46	25.81	2.38	2.95	4.63
IL1B	29.66	28.71	28.16	27.95	1.93	2.83	3.26
IL6	24.66	23.40	24.28	22.99	2.39	1.30	3.17
IL8	21.60	20.42	20.90	19.54	2.26	1.62	4.16
NFKB2	28.05	26.79	26.88	26.44	2.38	2.24	3.05
NFKBIA	25.08	23.94	24.11	23.33	2.21	1.96	3.36
PTGS2	26.83	26.49	24.85	24.32	1.27	3.96	5.71
RIPK2	26.61	26.12	25.93	25.49	1.40	1.60	2.17

Human aortic endothelial cells were treated with or without 0.5 ng/ml of LPS, 100 μM of PA or both for 12 h. RNA was isolated from the cells and subjected to PCR array. Human Toll-like receptor (TLR) signal pathway PCR array (Qiagen, Santa Clarita, CA) was used to profile gene expression according to the instructions from the manufacturer. RNA isolated from duplicate wells was combined and converted to cDNA and then amplified by PCR. Data analysis is based on the delta-delta threshold cycle (ΔΔCt) method: The ΔCt was calculated by subtracting Ct for GAPDH from Ct for genes of interest and the ΔΔCt was calculated by subtracting the ΔCt for control cells from ΔCt for treated cells. The fold change was calculated as 2^−ΔΔCt.

Full names for some genes in the table: CCL2: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1; CSF2: Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL1A: Interleukin-1 alpha; NFKB2: Nuclear Factor Kappa B Subunit 2; NFKBIA: nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor; PTGS2: prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 or cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2); RIPK2: Receptor Interacting Serine/Threonine Kinase 2