Table 1.
Survival of organs from genetically modified pigs into non-human primates
| Type of graft | Type of genetic modification | Immunosuppression | Longest survival time (days) | Year (References) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart (heterotopic transplantation) | GTKO, CD46, TM | ATG, CD20, CVF, CD40, MMF, CS | 945 | 2016 [63] |
| GTKO, CD46 | ATG, CD20, CD154, CVF, MMF, CS | 236 | 2012 [17] | |
| GTKO | ATG, TI, CD2, CD154, CVF, MMF, MP | 179 | 2005 [6] | |
| Heart (orthotopic transplantation) | CD46 | ATG, or CyP, CD20, TAC, Rapa | 57 | 2011 [64] |
| GTKO, CD46, TM | CD40, ATG, CD20, MMF; non-ischemic preservation technique | 40 | 2017 [65] | |
| CD55 | CyP, CsA, MMF, CS | 39 | 2000 [66] | |
| Kidney | GTKO, CD55 | CD4, CD8, CD154, MMF, CS | 310 | 2016 [67] |
| GTKO, CD46, CD55, EPCR, TFPI, CD47 | ATG, CD20, CD40, Rapa, CS | 237 | 2017 [68] | |
| CD55 | ATG, MMF, CS, CD2, CD154, TAC, CyP, CVF, thymectomy or thymic irradiation | 229 | 2003 [69] | |
| GTKO, CD46, CD55, TM, EPCR, CD39 | ATG, CD20, CD40, Rapa, MP, CVF, | 136 | 2015 [70] | |
| Liver (orthotopic transplantation) | GTKO | ATG, CVF, CTLA4-Ig, TAC, CS | 25 | 2016 [71] |
| CD55 | CyP, CsA, CS | 8 | 2000 [72] | |
| Lung (orthotopic transplantation) | vWF-KO | CsA, INN, AZA, CS, macrophage-depleted, antibody immunoabsorption | 109 h | 2007 [73] |
| GTKO, CD46 | CS + CsA + AZA, macrophage-depleted | 48 h | 2011 [74] |
In the case of lung xenotransplants, survival is given in hours
ATG antithymocyte globulin, AZA azathioprine, CD154 antihuman CD154 (CD40L), CD2 rat antihuman CD2 (LoCD2b), CD20 antihuman CD20 (rituximab), CD4 anti-CD4, CD40 antihuman CD40, CD8 anti-CD8, CS corticosteroids, CsA cyclosporin, CVF cobra venom factor, CyP cyclophosphamide, INN indomethacin, MMF mycophenolate mofetil, MP methylprednisolone, Rapa rapamycin (sirolimus), TAC tacrolimus (FK-506)