Figure 1.

Representative reports of dysbiosis in three Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. The relative abundances of commensal bacteria at phylum level from patients and healthy controls were visualized by abundance bar plots. Reduced beneficial bacteria and shift of bacterial profile at the phylum level in ALS patients No. 1, 3 and 5, compared to the health cohort (n = 96). Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the two major members of bacteria at the phylum level. Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was used as an indicator of dysbiosis. Three ALS patients all have low F/B ratio.