LbL membrane	layer-by-layer membrane
FO membrane	forward osmosis membrane
W/O/W emulsion	water-in-oil-in-water emulsion
UV	ultraviolet
NIR	near infrared
CLSM	confocal laser scanning microscopy
TEM	transmission electron microscopy
AFM	atomic-force microscopy
PS core	polystyrene core
NP	nanoparticle
CD	carbon dot
FITC	fluorescein isothiocyanate
MF	Melamine formaldehyde
HA/PLL	Hyaluronic Acid/Poly(l-lysine)
DES, DS	dextran sulfate
PDADMA	poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)
P(Am-DDA)	poly(acrylamide-co-diallyl-dimethylammonium chloride)
PAH	poly(allylamine hydrochloride)
PSS	poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) sodium salt