Table 2.
Fabrication and characterization properties of different anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) and composite electrodes for MCDI process.
| Materials | Polymer or Polymer Coating | Water Uptake (wt %) | IEC (meq g−1) | Electrical Resistance (Ω cm2) | Thickness of Polymer or Coating (μm) | Specific Capacitance (F g−1) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commercial Membranes | Fumasep FAS | 15–3013–23 | 1.6–2.01.0–1.3 | 0.3–0.61.7–3.0 | 30135 | - | Supplier |
| Neosepta AMX | 25–30 | 1.4–1.7 | 2.4 | 140 | - | [9] | |
| Selemion AMV | 19 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 120 | - | [9] | |
| IEMs for MCDI | Aminated PVDF-g-VBC | 25 | 1.0 | 4.8 | - | - | [34] |
| Composite Electrodes | Purolite | - | - | - | - | 19 | [24] |
| dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride | - | - | - | - | 53 | [26] | |
| Anion exchange resin | - | 1.20 | - | - | - | [35] | |
| - | 2.9 | - | ~40 | - | [36] | ||
| Aminated PVA | - | 1.76 | - | 20–40 | 180 | [37] | |
| Aminated PVA | - | - | - | - | 184 | [38] | |
| Aminated PSF a | - | 1.0 | 5.2 | - | - | [30] | |
| Aminated BPPO | - | - | - | - | - | [31] | |
| Aminated Graphene | 91 | [32] | |||||
| Aminated PSF | 37 | 2.1 | - | 10.6 | - | [33] |
a Polysulfone.