Table 2.
Bivariate Analysis with Dependent Variable Health Service Deficit *.
| 2014 BRFSS Data (weighted n = 27,778,365) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables and Factors | Health Service Deficit (HSD) | Unadjusted Odds Ratio or P value for Chi Square Test | ||
| % No Health Service Deficits | % At Least One Health Service Deficit | |||
| Geographic Locale | Rural | 19.6 | 22.6 | OR = 1.140 (95 CI 1.137, 1.142) |
| Non-Rural | 80.4 | 77.4 | Rural veterans had higher odds of having at least one HSD | |
| Sex | Male | 91.1 | 90.1 | OR = 1.045 (95 CI 1.044, 1.046) |
| Female | 8.9 | 9.9 | Male veterans had greater odds of not having at least one HSD | |
| Age Range | 18–64 Years | 70.8 | 91.5 | OR = 2.558 (95 CI 2.557, 2.559) |
| 65 Years and older | 29.2 | 8.5 | Veterans aged 18–64 years had greater odds of having at least one HSD | |
| Race/Ethnicity | Caucasian Non-Hispanic | 77.5 | 71.4 | p = 0.000 for chi square test indicating that there is a strong association between race/ethnicity and HSDs |
| African American Non-Hispanic | 11.9 | 11.9 | ||
| Hispanic | 6.5 | 9.7 | ||
| Other Non-Hispanic | 4.2 | 6.9 | ||
| Education Attained | Less than High School | 5.8 | 7.7 | p = 0.000 for chi square test indicating that there is a strong association between education and HSDs |
| At Least High School | 65.6 | 71.7 | ||
| At Least BA | 28.7 | 20.7 | ||
| Marital Status | Married Or Part Of Unmarried Couple | 69.7 | 56.2 | OR = 1.244 (95 CI 1.243, 1.245) |
| Not Married Or Part Of Unmarried Couple | 30.3 | 43.8 | Veterans who were married or part of an unmarried couple had greater odds of not having at least one HSD | |
| Annual Household Income | <$35,000 | 29.4 | 40.5 | p = 0.000 for chi square test indicating that there is a strong association between annual household income and HSDs |
| $35,000–<$75,000 | 36.9 | 33.0 | ||
| $75,000 And Higher | 33.7 | 26.5 | ||
| Employment Status | Employed | 41.2 | 58.8 | p = 0.000 for chi square test indicating that there is a strong association between employment status and HSDs |
| Unemployed Seeking Employment | 2.5 | 6.5 | ||
| Not Employed Not Seeking Employment | 50.9 | 27.5 | ||
| Unable To Work | 5.4 | 7.1 | ||
| Self-Reported Health Status | Good to Excellent Health | 80.6 | 82.0 | OR = 1.061 (95 CI 1.060, 1.063) |
| Fair to Poor Health | 19.4 | 18.0 | Veterans self-reporting good to excellent health had higher odds of having at least one HSD | |
| Binge Drinking | No Binge Drinking | 88.1 | 80.1 | OR = 1.280 (95 CI 1.278, 1.281) |
| Binge Drinking | 11.9 | 19.9 | Veterans with no binge drinking had higher odds of having no HSDs | |
| Smoking Status | Non-Smoker | 86.4 | 74.6 | OR = 1.370 (95 CI 1.369, 1.371) |
| Current Smoker | 13.6 | 25.4 | Non-smoking veterans had higher odds of having no HSDs | |
| Chronic Disease ** | No Chronic Disease | 34.4 | 48.1 | OR = 1.436 (95 CI 1.435, 1.438) |
| At Least One Chronic Disease | 65.6 | 51.9 | Veterans with no chronic disease had higher odds of having at least one HSD | |
* Variable computed from the variable factors: do not have health insurance, do not have personal healthcare provider, last routine medical checkup longer than 12 months ago, in last 12 months deferred healthcare because of cost; ** Variable computed from the variable factors: obese, have arthritis, have lifetime depression, have diabetes.