Table 1.
Trichothecene accumulation and RQ (relative quantification) of Tri4, Tri5 and Tri10 transcripts of fungal strains incubated in the presence of sinapic acid after a 21-day incubation period.
| Sinapic Acid Level | Strain | Tri Genotype | Trichothecene Levels (mg/kg) (n = 3 in Each Condition) | RQ (n = 6 in Each Condition) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DON | 3ADON | 15ADON | NIV | 4ANIV | Sum of Trichothecenes | Tri4 | Tri5 | Tri10 | |||
| YES+fungal controls | MUCL 53469 | 3ADON | 17.5 ± 0.4 (a) | 23.1 ± 0.9 (a) | 40.6 | ||||||
| CBS 173.31 | 3ADON | 63.7 ± 3.8 (a) | 9.9 ± 0.4 (a) | 73.6 | |||||||
| CBS 139512 | NIV | 79.2 ± 3.2 (a) | 96.4 ± 4.8 (a) | 175.6 | |||||||
| CBS 119173 | 3ADON | 49.6 ± 3.6 (a) | 12.2 ± 0.8 (a) | 61.8 | |||||||
| CBS 138561 | 15ADON | 1.5 ± 0.7 (a) | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 3 | |||||||
| MUCL 53455 | NIV | 4.4 ± 0.2 (a) | 4.4 | ||||||||
| 100 μg/g (0.45 mM) | MUCL 53469 | 3ADON | 1.72 ± 0.04 (b) | 7.75 ± 0.16 (b) | 9.47 | 0.27 (0.22–0.34) | NS | NS | |||
| CBS 173.31 | 3ADON | 51.09 ± 1.02 (b) | 9.27 ± 0.37 (a) | 60.36 | 0.09 (0.06–0.15) | 0.29 (0.25–0.35) | NS | ||||
| CBS 139512 | NIV | 55.44 ± 2.22 (b) | 16.86 ± 0.84 (b) | 72.3 | 0.15 (0.11–0.2) | NS | NS | ||||
| CBS 119173 | 3ADON | 2.6 ± 0.2 (b) | 0.42 ± 0.03 (c) | 3.02 | NS | NS | NS | ||||
| CBS 138561 | 15ADON | 0.14 ± 0.01 (b) | ND | 0.14 | NS | NS | NS | ||||
| MUCL 53455 | NIV | 3.06 ± 0.18 (b) | 3.06 | 0.224 (0.163–0.31) | 0.554 (0.46–0.667) | 0.241 (0.225–0.259) | |||||
| 400 μg/g (1.8 mM) | MUCL 53469 | 3ADON | 0.37 ± 0.01 (c) | 0.55 ± 0.03 (c) | 0.92 | 0.08 (0.062–0.1) | 0.06 (0.05–0.07) | 0.25 (0.22–0.29) | |||
| CBS 173.31 | 3ADON | 41.21 ± 2.47 (c) | 5.36 ± 0.22 (b) | 46.57 | 0.12 (0.07–0.16) | 0.17 (0.07–0.45) | 0.37 (0.3–0.45) | ||||
| CBS 173.32 | NIV | 30.55 ± 0.92 (c) | 16.54 ± 0.5 (b) | 47.09 | 0.11 (0.08–0.18) | 0.08 (0.04–0.23) | 0.228 (0.12–0.45) | ||||
| CBS 173.33 | 3ADON | 0.9 ± 0.05 (b) | 1.5 ± 0.11 (b) | 2.4 | 0.014 (0.012–0.017) | 0.008 (0.004–0.015) | NS | ||||
| CBS 173.34 | 15ADON | 0.08 ± 0,01 (b) | ND | 0.08 | 0.001 (0–0.001) | 0.009 (0.004–0.028) | NS | ||||
| CBS 173.35 | NIV | 0.35 ± 0.01 (c) | 0.35 | 0.189 (0.14–0.271) | 0.321 (0.234–0.455) | 0.099 (0.092–0.106) | |||||
| 800 μg/g (3.6 mM) | MUCL 53469 | 3ADON | 0.06 ± 0.01 (c) | 0.44 ± 0.02 (c) | 0.5 | 0.004 (0.003–0.006) | 0.007 (0.05–0.01) | NS | |||
| CBS 173.31 | 3ADON | 0.22 ± 0.01 (d) | 0.13 ± 0.003 (c) | 0.35 | 0.02 (0.016–0.037) | 0.07 (0.05–0.09) | 0.27 (0.25–0.29) | ||||
| CBS 139512 | NIV | 13.82 ± 0.69 (d) | 7.01 ± 0.14 (c) | 20.83 | 0.003 (0.003–0.004) | 0.01 (0.005–0.035) | NS | ||||
| CBS 119173 | 3ADON | 2 ± 0.04 (b) | 0.3 ± 0.01 (c) | 2.3 | 0.001 (0.001) | 0.001 (0.001) | 0.195 (0,180–0.213) | ||||
| CBS 138561 | 15ADON | 0.01 ± 0.01 (b) | ND | 0.01 | 0.001 (0.001–0.001) | 0.033 (0.015–0.062) | NS | ||||
| MUCL 53455 | NIV | 0.1 ± 0.003 (c) | 0.1 | 0.048 (0.035–0.067) | 0.082 (0.068–0.099) | 0.039 (0.037–0.042) | |||||
Degree of inhibition: <25%; 25–50%; 50–75%; >75%. (a), (b), (c) letters indicate homogenous groups at p < 0.05 followed by the Tukey test. NS—not significant. ND—not detected.