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(A) Growth of L. monocytogenes wt and LLO-negative mutant (∆hly) in LC3-depleted HeLa cells. LC3 depletion was confirmed by immunoblotting of cell lysates, using β-actin as loading control; (B) localization of intracellular bacteria as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. Listeria = red, actin cytoskeleton = green, nucleus = blue. Arrows indicate bacterial actin-tails. * p < 0.05 vs. CTRL; n.s.: not significant.
