Skip to main content
. 2017 Sep 18;9(9):290. doi: 10.3390/toxins9090290

Table 3.

The 65 crotalines (pit vipers) included in the study (excluding one aberrant species), with the proportion of the ten major protein families in each venom (expressed as percent of total venom), which make up 80–100% of their venom proteome. Taxonomy follows Fenwick et al. 2009 [49].

SPECIES PLA2 SVSP SVMP LAAO CRiSP CTL/SNACLEC DIS NP DEF MPi %WV REF
Calloselasma rhodostoma 4.4 14.9 41.2 7 2.5 26.3 96.3 [50]
Cryptelytrops purpureomaculatus 8 12 35 10 6 19 2 92 [51]
Gloydius brevicaudus 25 3.7 64.4 0.9 1.1 0.2 4.6 99.9 [52]
G. intermedius 9.9 36.2 2.6 13.1 6.2 0.8 25.3 94.1 [53]
Ovophis okinavensis 0.65 93.1 4.2 0.62 0.47 99 [54]
Protobothrops elegans 77.1 10.4 8 0.5 0.1 0.2 96.3 [55]
Protobothrops flavoviridis 55.5 11.8 17.3 3.1 2 0.9 2.6 93.2 [56]
P.mucrosquamatus 22.5 10.4 43 2 0.8 3.9 0.8 3.6 87 [57]
Viridovipera stejnegeri 24.5 11 43.1 3.3 6 1.5 2.2 1.2 92.8 [57]
Agkistrodon bilineatus (3 subsp) 34.3–42 7.6–16.9 24.5–30.8 2.6–4.9 0–5.6 0.4–1.4 2.2–3.1 4.6–8.7 76.7+ [58]
A. c. contortrix 50.7 5.85 25 4 2 0.8 88.35 [59]
A. piscivorus (3 subsp) 33.6–46 10.1–13.9 21–33.1 0.8–4.5 2–3.5 0.8–3.2 2.2–4.9 5.7–5.9 76.2 [58]
Atropoides nummifer 36.5 22 18.2 9.1 1.9 1.3 2.5 8.6 100 [60]
A. picadoi 9.5 13.5 66.4 2.2 4.8 1.8 <0.1 1.8 100 [60]
Bothriechis aurifer 7.3 35.1 9.5 10.7 16.4 1.4 13.4 3.2 97 [61]
B. bicolor 35.2 19.1 8.5 10.8 1 4.4 7.6 3.6 4.6 94.8 [61]
B. marchi 14.3 10.1 34.2 1.1 2.8 4.2 6.5 10.6 8.5 83.8 [61]
B. lateralis 8.7 11.3 55.1 6.1 6.5 11.1 98.8 [61]
B. nigroviridis 38.3 18.4 0.5 2.1 37 96.3 [62]
B. schlegelii 43.8 5.8 17.7 8.9 2.1 13.4 91.7 [61]
B. supraciliaris 13.4 15.2 6.8 5.9 4.3 1.6 21.9 69.1 [63]
B. thalassinus 12.1 39.6 4.3 5.1 11.5 2 10.6 9.9 95.1 [61]
Bothrocophias campbelli 43.1 21.3 15.8 5.7 0.9 6.4 0.3 3.9 97.4 [64]
B. colombiensis 44.3 <1 42.1 5.7 0.1 5.6 0.8 99.5 [65]
Bothropoides diporus 24.1 7.2 34.2 7.4 2.9 1.4 15.9 2.6 95.7 [66]
B. erythromelaus (5 populations) 10.1–15.1 4–9.7 32.5–59.9 0.4 8.4–21.6 3.4–8.9 9.3–14.5 68+ [67]
B. insularis 10 12.5 30 1.3 1.3 31.3 11.3 97.7 [68]
B. jaracara (south-east) 3.7 13.7 35.6 7.2 2.4 9.6 7 16.4 95.6 [69]
B. jaracara (south) 20.2 28.6 10.3 8 2.6 9.4 0.2 22.6 100 [69]
B. neuwiedi 8.4 8.8 49.9 16.7 2 8.6 94.4 [70]
B. pauloensis 31.9 10.5 38.1 2.8 2.2 0.6 1.3 12.4 99.8 [71]
Bothrops asper (Caribbean coast) 28.8 18.2 41 9.2 0.1 0.5 2.1 99.9 [72]
B. asper (Pacific coast) 45.5 4.4 44 4.6 0.1 0.5 1.4 100 [72]
B. atrox (Western Para Brazil) 5.7–7.5 9.7–14.1 46.5–54 8.7–9.4 3.7–4.3 10.2–13.1 84.5+ [73]
B. atrox (Colombia) 24.1 10.9 48.5 4.7 2.6 7.1 1.7 0.3 99.9 [74]
B. atrox (Venezuela) 7.7–8.5 2.3 85 1.2–1.5 2.8–3.8 99+ [75]
B. atrox (Peru) 11 11.1 58.2 10.5 2.4 3.6 3.2 100 [76]
B. ayerbi 0.7 9.3 53.7 3.3 1.1 10.1 2.3 8.3 88.8 [77]
B. barnetti 6.4 6.7 74.1 0.8 3.1 3.3 5.5 99.9 [76]
B. caribbaeus 12.8 4.7 68.6 8.4 2.6 1.7 98.8 [78]
B. jararacussu 25.7 12.3 26.2 15 2.2 9.7 91.1 [70]
B. lanceolatus 8.6 14.4 74.2 2.8 <0.1 100 [78]
B. pictus 14.1 7.7 68 1.1 8.9 99.8 [76]
B. pirajai 40.2 7.1 20.7 5.2 9.2 1.4 5.6 89.4 [79]
B. punctatus 9.3 5.4 41.5 3.1 1.2 16.7 3.8 10.7 91.7 [80]
Cerrophidion godmani 23.4 19.1 32.8 5 4.2 0.5 7.5 5.7 98.2 [81]
C. sasai 23.4 19.1 32.8 5 4.2 0.5 7.5 5.7 98.2 [82]
Crotalus adamanteus 7.8 20 24.4 5.3 1.3 22.2 16.8 97.8 [83]
C. atrox 7.3 19.8 49.7 8 4.3 3.4 6.2 3 100 [84]
C. basiliscus 14 11 68 2 4 99 [85]
C. culminatus 8.3 10.1 35.5 2.7 1.9 13 1.6 24.4 97.5 [86]
C. durissus cascavella 90.9 1.2 <0.1 <0.1 0.9 <0.1 0.2 93.4 [87]
C. d. collilineatus 72 1.9 0.4 0.5 1.8 <0.1 0.5 20.8 98 [88]
C. d. terrificus 48.5 25.3 3.9 77.7 [89]
C. horridus 22.8 58.2 0.1 1.1 0.8 0.22 0.2 82.3 [90]
C. simus simus 22.4 30.4 27.4 5.7 1 0.6 1.5 6.5 95.5 [91]
C. tigris 26.8 66.2 1.9 0.2 95.1 [92]
C. tzabacan 11.1 5.4 18.5 0.5 35.2 4.2 23.5 98.4 [86]
C. viridis 7.7–10.2 26.8 10.9–11.4 1.9–2.5 2.1–3.9 1.8–3.3 0.1 6.5–8.2 35.6–38 0.1 93.5+ [93]
Sistrurus catenatus (3 subsp.) 31.3-31.9 18.2-24.4 40.6-48.6 1.6-4.2 0.8-10.7 0.9-4.2 93.4+ [94]
S. miliarius 32.5 17.1 36.1 2.1 2.9 7.7 98.4 [94]
Lachesis acrochorda 2.3 35.1 23.2 9.6 0.9 6.9 21.5 99.5 [95]
L. melanocephala 13.4 21 18.9 3.6 7.5 30.2 94.6 [94]
L. muta muta 8.7 31.2 31.9 2.7 1.8 7.9 14.7 98.9 [94]
L. m. rhombeata 10.8 26.5 29.5 0.5 1.4 2.7 28 99.4 [96]
L. stenophrys 14.1 21.2 30.6 2.7 3.6 27.1 99.3 [94]
Porthidium lansbergii 16.2 4.5 35.5 3.6 1.4 6.7 12.9 12.4 93.2 [97]
P. nasutum 11.6 9.6 52.1 3 1.3 10.4 9.9 1.9 99.8 [81]
P. ophryomegus 13.5 7.3 45 3.3 0.6 8 16.7 4.2 98.6 [97]
Rhinocerophis alternatus 2 5.8 52.2 14.9 2.5 14.8 92.2 [70]
R. cotiara 0.6 13 51 19.6 2.9 4.7 91.8 [70]
R. fonescai 30.1 4.1 42.5 1.9 2.4 9.8 4.4 95.2 [98]

Abbreviations: PLA2, phospholipase A2; SVSP, snake venom serine protease; SVMP, snake venom metalloprotease; LAAO, l-amino acid oxidase; CRiSP, Cysteine-Rich Secretory Protein; CTL/SNACLEC, C-type lectins and C-type lectin like; DIS, disintegrin; NP, natriuretic peptides, including vasoactive peptides, bradykinin potentiating and inhibitory peptides; DEF, defensin (crotamine); MPi, snake venom metalloprotease inhibitor; %WV, percentage of whole venom.